现在完成时语法复习及精选练习2023-2024学年牛津译林八年级英语下学期

牛津译林8B现在完成时语法复习及练习精选 一.语法核心 第一部分: (1)基本结构:have/ has + 过去分词 (2)含义理解:①过去发生的动作,对现在造成了影响,产生了一个结果。 注意:此时不能出现表示时间段的状语,谓语动词不延续。 E.g: I have just eaten two cakes so I am full now. ②过去的动作或状态没有完成,一直“延续”到现在,谓语动词通常延续。 注意:句中通常出现由for, since 引导的时间状语。 E.g: We have known each other since we were very young. (3) 构成否定句和疑问句: 否定句:have/has-haven’t(not)/has not 疑问句:Have/has +人称代词+一般疑问句 (4)特定的词和时间状语:already , just , yet , ever , never , before(句末) , so far , recent(ly), over the years, up to now 等 (5)过去分词变化规则: ①大多数单词后直接+ed ②以e 结尾的动词+d ③以y结尾的动词去y变i再+ed ④参照现在分词要双写的动词,有些动词要双写最后一个字母+ed ⑤不规则变化(详见书后表格) 第二部分: (1)区别:have/has been to, have/has gone to, have/has been in/at (1)have/has been to 表示“去过,人已经回来(已从该地离开)”,后面经常跟次数。 have/has gone to 表示“去了,还未回来(或正在去某地路上)”,不与跟时间段、次数连用 have/has been in/at 表示“已经在某地”强调人已经在某地呆了多久,可与时间段连用,不能跟次数。 E.g: 1.-Look! That man looks like our English teacher. -It _be him. He _ Canada. A.can’t , has been to B.may not, has been to C.can’t ,has gone to D.mustn’t , has gone to 2.-Have you seen Dr. Jacky recently? -No. He_Shanghai for an international meeting. He’ll come back in two days. A.have gone in B.has been in C.has gone to D.has been to (2).注意区分for和since 的不同用法及常用短暂动词转变成延续性动词 (1)for 后加时间段,连接短语, since 后加点时间,连接短语或句子 注意:“since”意为“自…以来”,引导时间状语从句,从句必须用_时态 注意另外一个意思是_, 此时引导原因状语从句。 (2) borrow/lend _ buy _ begin/start _ begin/start to learn… _ leave _ catch a cold _ die _ put on _ finish _ get up _ open _ close _ go to bed _ come /go /arrive/reach _ get married _ join the WTO _/_ 第三部分: (1)一般过去时和现在完成时的主要区别: 1.我们用一般过去时来表述过去发生了什么,而我们用现在完成时来描述一个动作开始在过去,并且这个动作持续到了现在。 Eg: Daniel went to Nanjing two years ago. Daniel has lived in Nanjing for two years. 2.现在完成时可用来讨论一个动作的结果,这个动作的发生不是很重要,它也许刚刚发生或者在一段时间之前发生。 Eg: Daniel bought a new camera last month. Daniel has bought a new camera. (Daniel has a new camera now.) 3.现在完成时可以用来讲述一个动作到现在为止发生了多少次。 Eg: Mr Hu visited Tokyo in 2010 and 2011. Mr Hu has been to Tokyo twice. E.g:-Hi, Jack! I haven’t seen you for a long time! Have you finished school? -Oh,