2024届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解微技能训练 代词 导学案

阅读理解微技能训练 代词 找代词口诀 见到代词找指代，指代通常在前方; 主代主，宾代宾，所有格，就近找; 平行结构有搭配，多重指代层层推; 单数复数都对应，主动被动要分清; 定位排除和代入，验证语意要记牢。 1、 “见到代词找指代，指代通常在前方”。这句话是代词指代题的总则，考生务必牢记：代词永远出现在原词之后，原词永远出现在代词之前。 2、 “主代主，宾代宾，所有格，就近找”。代词指代的语法规则非常严格，因此考生要优先考虑代词在句中充当的成分：主语、宾语、还是所有格代词，然后在前句中快速寻找对应的语法成分就可以轻松解题。例如： When Americans moved from one place to another, they took their dialects with them. 题目中代词“they”在主句中充当主语成分，考生迅速定位前方从句中的主语“Americans”. 又例如所有格代词(你的、我的、他的等等)通常指代前文中最靠近该代词的核心名词： Florists (花商) often refrigerate（冷藏）cut flowers to protect their fresh appearance. 题目中的所有格代词“their”之前有两个名词“florists”和“flowers”，语法基础薄弱的学生要花些时间才能弄清楚所谓“他(它)们的”究竟是谁们的?事实上根据“就近原则”，在距离代词最近的地方找到符合句中语意的核心名词，就可以锁定答案。而上述句中距离“their”最近的名词时“flowers”。 3、“平行结构有搭配，多重指代层层推”。所谓平行结构实质就是分层次描述，阅读部分经常出现“not only…， but also…”，“one…， the other…”，“some…， others…”等固定搭配对两层或多层语意进行描写，通过对这种常见结构的把握，学生就可以快速锁定代词的所指。例如： Many adults, poor and bored with farm life, were attracted by the cities by promises of steady employment, regular paychecks, increased access to goods and services, and expanded social opportunities. Others were pushed there when new technologies made their labor cheap or expendable. 虽然上述语句语法结构和语意都较为复杂，但不难看出题目中“many adults…， others…”是固定搭配，因此“others”做为代词所指代的名词必定是前文中的“adults”，。 此外，为了增加难度，对于代词指代的考察也经常在定位方面设置障碍，既通过一层推理很难锁定目标词汇。因此学生需要多一点耐心和多一份细心，在前文内容中层层回溯，逐一定位，抽丝剥茧，最终必然能够顺利解题。例如： A car pulled up behind me. It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said they would take me to my friends. We chatted on the way into the city, and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card. I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me. Soon afterwards, I received a Christmas present from them. Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful. 经过层层上推，them和their指代的时上文中的the husband and his wife 4、“单数复数都对应，主动被动要分清”。代词指代题中有一些常见陷阱，例如同时出现大量名词，有单数、有复数、有可数名词、也有不可数名词，让读者雾里看花;或是将前文中的主动句改写成后文的被动句，颠三倒四，让考学生晕脑胀。破解这种陷阱的手法其实很简单，无论怎样变化