选择性必修第一册 Unit 4 Bodylanguage（word练习）-【勤径学升】2025年高考英语一轮总复习课时检测训练（人教版）

课时检测训练20　选择性必修第一册　UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE 对应学生用书P348 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·浙江尖子生深研模拟)A handshake seems to be a normal gesture. In fact, in the 9th century BC, an ancient site during the ruling of Shalmaneser Ⅲ clearly shows two figures holding hands. The Iliad, usually dated to the 8th century BC, mentions that two characters “taking each other's hands and expressing their loyalty”. Centuries later, Shakespeare once wrote of two characters who shook hands and swore to be brothers in the book As You Like It. Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots have disappeared in the sands of time. Historians who have studied ancient etiquette(礼仪)books note that the modern handshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th century, when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that could only be used between friends. But what if Shakespeare had written about handshaking hundreds of years earlier? According to author Torbjrn Lundmark in his Tales of Hi and Bye: Greeting and Parting Rituals Around the World, the problem comes in differing definitions of the handshake. The early handshakes mentioned above were part of making deals or peace; King Shalmaneser Ⅲ referred to a rebellion in which he signed a treaty with the King of Babylon. In the Iliad, Diomedes and Glaucus shook hands when they realized they were guest-friends, and Diomedes declared, “Let's not try to kill each other.” Shakespeare was similarly referencing settlement of a conflict. The modern handshake as a form of greeting is harder to trace. As a Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg—the chief authority for the history of handshaking—wrote in a chapter of an anthology called A Cultural History of Gesture, “More than in any other field, that of the study of gesture is one in which the historian has to make the most of only a few clues.” One of the earliest clues he cites is a 16th-century German translation of the French writer Rabelais's Gargantua and Pantagruel. When one character meets Gargantua, Rabelais writes, “He was greeted with countless hugs and countless good-days.” But according to Roodenburg, the 16th-century German translation added references to shaking hands. A popular saying suggests that Cleland's statements against bowing were actually a wish to go back to a potentially traditional method of greeting in Europe. As the centuries progressed, handshaking was replaced by more hierarchical(等级的)ways of greeting—like bowing. According to Roodenburg, handshaking survived in a few remote places, like in Dutch towns where some would use the gesture to make peace after disagreements. Around the same time, those who valued equality also made use of handshaking. Then, as the Continent's hierarchy was weakened, handshaking became a common practice among people of the same rank, as it is today. ［语篇解读］本文是一篇说明文，这篇文章主要讲述了握手这一古老的礼仪习俗的起源和演变。最后，文章指出握手在欧洲逐渐被鞠躬等更具等级意味的问候方式取代，但在一些地方仍然保留下来，并逐渐成为同等地位人们之间的常见问候方式。 1.Why does the author mention Shakespeare in the first two paragraphs? A.To prove that the history of handshaking is hard to find. B.To illustrate that handshaking is a very old custom. C.To show readers that handshaking is common in fiction. D.To explain the value of handshaking in communication. 解析 　 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Centuries later, Shakespeare once wrote of two characters who shook hands and swore to be brothers in the book As You Like It. Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots have disappeared in the sands of time.(几个世纪后，莎士比亚曾在《皆大欢喜》中描写两个人物握手并发誓要成为兄弟。握手似乎是一种古老的习俗，其根源已消失在时间的长河中。)”以及第二段中“But what if Shakespeare had written about handshaking hundreds of years earlier?(但是，如果莎士比亚早在几百年前就写过握手呢？)”可知，第一段和第二段中通过莎士比亚对于握手这个习俗早已存在，其存在根源消失在历史的长河中，但是通过莎士比亚笔下可以说明握手是这个习俗是非常古老的，在其存在的几百年前，就已经记录过。故选B。 答案 　 B 2.What can we learn about handshaking from the passage? A.The origin of handshaking as a form of greeting is easy to trace. B.Citizens usually shake hands to show friendliness in Holland. C.It was used only between friends and to reach an agreement. D.It is a common practice between people of different social positions. 解析 　 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Historians who have studied ancient etiquette(礼仪)books note that the modern handshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th century, when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that could only be used between friends.(研究古代礼仪书籍的历史学家指出，现代握手直到19世纪中叶才出现，当时它被认为是一种稍微不合适的手势，只能在朋友之间使用。)”可知，对于握手这个习俗直到19世纪中叶才出现，当时它被认为是一种稍微不合适的手势，只能在朋友之间使用。同时根据第三段中“The early handshakes mentioned above were part of making deals or peace(上面提到的早期握手是达成协议或和平的一部分)”以及“Shakespeare was similarly referencing settlement of a conflict.(莎士比亚也同样提到了冲突的解决。)”可知，握手曾经只在朋友之间使用，并且用来达成协议。故选C。 答案 　 C 3.Which of the following is similar in meaning to “anthology” in para. 4? A.the science of mental ability B.a collection of selected literary passages C.a daily written record of experiences D.all the living things of a particular region 解析 　 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的内容“A Cultural History of Gesture(《手势的文化历史》)”以及书中所说的“More than in any other field, that of the study of gesture is one in which the historian has to make the most of only a few clues(在手势研究领域，历史学家只需要充分利用少数线索，这一点在其他任何领域都不常见)”可知，荷兰社会学家赫尔曼·卢登伯格所撰写的著作即《手势的文化历史》中的一个章节指出在手势研究领域，历史学家只需要充分利用少数线索，这一点在其他任何领域都不常见的事实。故画线词表示荷兰社会学家赫尔曼·卢登伯格所撰写文章的精选的文学段落，其与B为同义词。故选B。 答案 　 B 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage? A.The handshake has disappeared in some remote parts of the Netherlands. B.Handshaking has different meanings in different European countries. C.Handshakes are now common between people of different positions. D.Most Europeans prefer to shake hands owing to the weakening effect of rank. 解析 　 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Around the same time, those who valued equality also made use of handshaking. Then, as the Continent's hierarchy was weakened, handshaking became a common practice among people of the same rank, as it is today.(大约在同一时期，那些重视平等的人也会使用握手。然后，随着欧洲大陆的等级制度被削弱，握手成为同一等级的人之间的一种普遍做法，就像今天一样。)”可知，大多数欧洲人更喜欢握手，因为等级的影响越来越弱。故选D。 答案 　 D B (2023·临沂一模)A study of teenage girls' selfie­taking(自拍)behaviors found that taking and sharing selfies on social media is not linked to poor body image or appearance concerns. However, when adolescent girls spend too much time struggling over which photo of themselves to post, or rely heavily on editing apps to alter their images, there may be cause for concern. The study, by researchers at the University of Arizona, found that selfie editing and time invested in creating and selecting the perfect selfie were both related to self­objectification, which led to body shame, appearance anxiety and more negative appearance evaluations in teen girls. “Self­objectification is the idea that you come to think of yourself as an external object to be viewed by other people，” said senior study author Jennifer Aubrey, an associate professor at the UA． Based on a study of 278 teenage girls, “Our main finding was that we really shouldn't be too worried about kids who take selfies and share them; that's not where the negative effects come from. It's the investment and the editing that yielded negative effects，” Aubrey said. “Selfie editing and selfie investment predicted self­objectification, and girls who self­objectify were more likely to feel shameful about their bodies or anxious about their appearance.” “Self­objectification is the pathway to so many things in adolescence that we want to prevent，” Aubrey said. “So, interventions really should focus on how we can encourage girls to develop an awareness of themselves that doesn't only depend on what they look like to other people.” The researchers said parents and caregivers of adolescent girls should be aware that if a teen seems to be obsessed(痴迷的), it might be time for a talk. The researchers also note that there can be different motivations for sharing selfies. “Selfies are a part of the media landscape, but you should post them for reasons other than trying to get people to admire your appearance or your body.” Aubrey said. With an estimated 93 million selfies taken each day, they aren't going away anytime soon, nor should they. The important thing to remember is：Selfies aren't bad. Just don't obsess. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自我物化以及形成健康的自我意识的重要性。 5．What behavior of adolescent girls may cause concern? A．Taking selfies. B．Caring about their images. C．Sharing selfies on social media． D．Overusing editing apps to beautify their images. 解析 　 细节理解题。根据第一段“However, when adolescent girls spend too much time struggling over which photo of themselves to post, or rely heavily on editing apps to alter their images, there may be cause for concern.(然而，当青春期女孩花太多时间纠结于发布哪张自己的照片，或者严重依赖编辑应用程序来修改自己的照片时，可能会引起担忧。)”可知，过度使用编辑应用程序来美化照片可能会引起担忧。故选D。 答案 　 D 6．From the text, what can we learn about self­objectification? A．It predicts selfie investment. B．It is linked to selfie obsession. C．It prevents problems in adolescence. D．It contributes to objective evaluation. 解析 　 推理判断题。根据第二段“The study, by researchers at the University of Arizona, found that selfie editing and time invested in creating and selecting the perfect selfie were both related to self­objectification(亚利桑那大学的研究人员进行的这项研究发现，自拍编辑以及花在创造和选择一张完美自拍上的时间都与自我物化有关)”和第三段“Selfie editing and selfie investment predicted self­objectification(自拍编辑和自拍投入预示着自我物化)”可知，自我物化与花时间和精力进行自拍编辑、与沉迷于自拍有关。故选B。 答案 　 B 7．What should interventions center on? A．When to have a talk with teen girls. B．When to end selfie­taking behaviors. C．How to help form a healthy self­awareness. D．How to prevent teenage girls' craze for selfies. 解析 　 细节理解题。根据第四段“So, interventions really should focus on how we can encourage girls to develop an awareness of themselves that doesn't only depend on what they look like to other people.(所以，干预措施真正应该关注的是我们如何鼓励女孩培养自我意识，而不是仅仅依赖于她们在别人眼中的样子。)”可知，干预应以如何帮助形成健康的自我意识为中心。故选C。 答案 　 C 8．From which is the text probably taken? A．A travel brochure. B．A science newspaper. C．A psychology textbook. D．An entertainment magazine. 解析 　 文章出处题。通读全文，并结合第一段“A study of teenage girls' selfie­taking(自拍)behaviors found that taking and sharing selfies on social media is not linked to poor body image or appearance concerns. However, when adolescent girls spend too much time struggling over which photo of themselves to post, or rely heavily on editing apps to alter their images, there may be cause for concern.(一项针对十几岁女孩自拍行为的研究发现，在社交媒体上自拍和分享自拍与不良的身体形象或外表问题无关。然而，当青春期女孩花太多时间纠结该上传哪张自己的照片，或者严重依赖于编辑应用程序来修改图片时，可能就有理由担心了。)”可知，文章介绍了与青少年心理健康相关的科学研究，再结合文章最后的建议“The important thing to remember is：Selfies aren't bad. Just don't obsess.(重要的是要记住：自拍并不糟糕。只是别沉迷。)”可推知，文章很可能来自一份科学报。故选B。 答案 　 B Ⅱ.完形填空 (2023·浙江模拟卷)On a cold afternoon in January 2015, Yesenia Diosdado, 11, got off a school bus. She noticed that a(n) 1 woman was trying to communicate with an Emergency Medical Service worker using sign language, but he couldn't understand her. “I heard him 2 an interpreter,” Yesenia says. She ran over to the paramedic(护理人员)to  3 —her mother, a former sign language interpreter, had 4 her and her sisters how to 5 (no one in the family is hearing-impaired). “She said, ‘I sign. Can I help?’” says EMS captain Chris Winger. “I was 6 .” Yesenia was able to 7 to the emergency worker that the woman's neck was injured and tell them the name of the local hospital she preferred. “She looked really 8 ,” says Yesenia. “I'm proud that I got to do 9 to help.” When her mother, Susan Milidore, 36, heard about Yesenia's 10 actions, she wasn't surprised. “It's in her 11 to help,” says Susan. “I was impressed that she recognized the 12 of the situation and took action. Most adults wouldn't have 13 that.” A few weeks later, paramedics 14 Yesenia with a gold coin and a certificate of appreciation at her elementary school. “My mom always says that you 15 know when sign language might come in handy,” says Yesenia. “That day, it did.” ［语篇解读］本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一名11岁的女孩用手语挽救了别人生命的故事。 1.A.lost B.kind C.injured D.attractive 解析 　 考查形容词辨析。句意：她注意到一名受伤的妇女正试图用手语与一名紧急医疗服务人员交流，但他听不懂她的话。A.lost(迷失的)；B.kind(友善的)；C.injured(受伤的)；D.attractive(有吸引力的)。根据后文“the woman's neck was injured”可知，是看到一名受伤的妇女。故选C。 答案 　 C 2.A.call onB.ask for C.reply toD.look into 解析 　 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我听到他要求翻译。”叶塞尼亚说。A.call on(号召)；B.ask for(请求)；C.reply to(回复)；D.look into(调查)。根据上文“woman was trying to communicate with an Emergency Medical Service worker using sign language, but he couldn't understand her”可知，救援人员无法理解用手语交流的女士的意思，所以救援人员“请求”一名懂手语的人员。故选B。 答案 　 B 3.A.help B.greet  C.watch D.wait 解析 　 考查动词辨析。句意：她跑到护理人员那里去帮忙——她的母亲曾经是一名手语翻译，曾教过她和她的姐妹们如何用手语(家里没有人是听障人士)。A.help(帮忙)；B.greet(问候)；C.watch(观看)；D.wait(等待)。根据下文“She said, ‘I sign. Can I help?’（她说：“我会手语。我能帮忙吗？”）”可知，此处指的是Yesenia跑过去“帮忙”。故选A。 答案 　 A 4.A.missed B.written  C.taught D.recorded 解析 　 考查动词辨析。句意：她跑到护理人员那里去帮忙——她的母亲曾经是一名手语翻译，曾教过她和她的姐妹们如何用手语(家里没有人是听障人士)。A.missed(思念)；B.written(写)；C.taught(教授)；D.recorded(记录)。根据上文“her mother, a former sign language interpreter”和下文“She said, ‘I sign. Can I help?’”可知，她的妈妈以前是名手语翻译，由此可推断，此处指的是妈妈“教会”Yesenia手语。故选C。 答案 　 C 5.A.share B.sign  C.speak D.hear 解析 　 考查动词辨析。句意：她跑到护理人员那里去帮忙——她的母亲曾经是一名手语翻译，曾教过她和她的姐妹们如何用手语(家里没有人是听障人士)。A.share(分享)；B.sign(用手语)；C.speak(说)；D.hear(听见)。根据下文“She said, ‘I sign. Can I help?’”及全文语境可知，此处指的是“用手语”。故选B。 答案 　 B 6.A.encouraged B.troubled  C.surprised D.frightened 解析 　 考查形容词辨析。句意：“她说，‘我用手语。我能帮忙吗？’”急救队长Chris Winger说。“我很惊讶。”A.encouraged(受到鼓舞的)；B.troubled(不安的)；C.surprised(惊讶的)；D.frightened(害怕的)。根据上文“Yesenia Diosdado, 11, got off a school bus”以及“She said, ‘I sign. Can I help?’”可知，一个11岁的孩子懂手语，这让Chris Winger感到“惊讶”。故选C。 答案 　 C 7.A.listen B.turn  C.explain D.announce 解析 　 考查动词辨析。句意：Yesenia向急救人员解释说，这名妇女的脖子受伤了，并告诉他们她喜欢的当地医院的名字。A.listen(倾听)；B.turn(转向)；C.explain(解释)；D.announce(宣告)。根据下文“that the woman's neck was injured and tell them the name of the local hospital she preferred”及语境可知，此处指的是懂手语的Yesenia将受伤妇女的情况“解释”给急救人员。故选C。 答案 　 C 8.A.hurt B.calm  C.busy D.sleepy 解析 　 考查形容词辨析。句意：“她看起来真的受伤了。”Yesenia说。A.hurt(受伤的)；B.calm(平静的)；C.busy(忙碌的)；D.sleepy(困的)。根据上文“the woman's neck was injured”可知，此处指的是这位妇女真的“受伤”了。故选A。 答案 　 A 9.A.anything B.nothing  C.something D.everything 解析 　 考查代词辨析。句意：我很自豪我能做点什么来帮助他们。A.anything(任何事物)；B.nothing(没有什么)；C.something(某事)；D.everything(每件事)。根据前文“Yesenia was able to 7to the emergency worker that the woman's neck was injured and tell them the name of the local hospital she preferred.”可知，Yesenia帮助受伤的妇女作手语翻译，所以是做了事去帮助他们。故选C。 答案 　 C 10.A.crazy B.brave  C.funny D.careless 解析 　 考查形容词辨析。句意：当她的母亲，36岁的Susan Milidore听到女儿的勇敢行为时，她并不惊讶。A.crazy(疯狂的)；B.brave(勇敢的)；C.funny(有趣的)；D.careless(不小心的)。根据前文“She ran over to the paramedic to 3”可知Yesenia主动给他人提供帮助是“英勇的”行为。故选B。 答案 　 B 11.A.duty B.nature  C.interest D.dream 解析 　 考查名词辨析。句意：“帮助别人是她的天性。”Susan说。A.duty(责任)；B.nature(本性)；C.interest(利益，兴趣)；D.dream(梦想)。根据上文“When her mother, Susan Milidore, 36, heard about Yesenia's 10 actions, she wasn't surprised.”可知，她的妈妈知道了Yesenia帮助了别人一点不觉得惊讶，觉得这是她的“天性”。故选B。 答案 　 B 12.A.purpose B.advantage  C.importance D.seriousness 解析 　 考查名词辨析。句意：让我印象深刻的是，她意识到了情况的严重性并采取了行动。A.purpose(目的)；B.advantage(优势)；C.importance(重要性)；D.seriousness(严重性)。根据上文“the woman's neck was injured”可知，当时的情况很“严重”，而Yesenia意识到了情况“严重性”，并提供帮助。故选D。 答案 　 D 13.A.met B.done  C.chosen D.accepted 解析 　 考查动词辨析。句意：大多数成年人不会这么做。A.met(遇见)；B.done(做)；C.chosen(选择)；D.accepted(接受)。根据前文“I was impressed that she recognized the 12 of the situation and took action.”可知，Yesenia意识到情况的严重性并采取了行动，这是很多成年人都做不到的。故选B。 答案 　 B 14.A.provided B.confused C.presented D.compared 解析 　 考查动词辨析。句意：几周后，在Yesenia就读的小学，医护人员向她赠送了一枚金币和一张致谢证书。A.provided(提供)；B.confused(使迷惑)；C.presented(提交，授予)；D.compared(比较)。根据下文“with a gold coin and a certificate of appreciation at her elementary school”以及本文讲述的Yesenia用手语助人的事情可知，此处指急救中心人员“授予”她一枚金币和一个证书以表达感激。故选C。 答案 　 C 15.A.often B.never  C.still D.forever 解析 　 考查副词辨析。句意：Yesenia说：“我妈妈总是说，你永远不知道手语什么时候会派上用场。”A.often(经常)；B.never(从不)；C.still(仍然)；D.forever(永远)。根据上文“no one in the family is hearing-impaired”和下文“That day, it did.”可知，Yesenia的家人没有听力障碍，但她的妈妈还是教她们姐妹们如何用手语，而且那一天确实用上了手语。由此可知，Yesenia的妈妈认为女儿们“从不”会知道手语哪天就可以用上。故选B。 答案 　 B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$