选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 Looking Into The Future（word练习）-【勤径学升】2025年高考英语一轮总复习课时检测训练（人教版）

课时检测训练18　选择性必修第一册　UNIT 2 LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE 对应学生用书P342 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·山东模拟预测)Nowadays, countries are eager to get more electric cars on the road because moving away from gas­powered vehicles is vital to fighting climate change. China says that most new vehicles sold by 2035 will be electric. The United Kingdom will ban new gas­powered cars in 2030. One of the world's major automakers, General Motors(GM), announced that it would stop selling gas­powered cars by 2035. The key to an electric future is batteries. Automakers are racing to pack the most energy into the smallest one. The lithium­ion battery is what powers our mobile devices, which can be recharged again and again. Making these batteries has an environmental cost. Lithium is taken from the earth, like the oil used to make gasoline. But the long­term cost is much smaller. “Once you burn gasoline, you can't recycle it，” says Jessika Trancik, a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “But when you use up a battery, you can still recycle the material.” It's up to governments to make electric cars accessible to everyone. National policies can help. In the United States, an electric Chevy Volt costs about $35，000. Trancik says charging stations must also be made widely available. As part of an effort to fight climate change, America plans to build half a million of them in the US by 2030. She hopes enough charging stations will be built soon. “It's important to put chargers where many different people can have access to them，” she says. “Not just wealthier people.” Last year, almost 5% of approximately 67 million new cars sold worldwide were electric. For Venkat Viswanathan, a professor of mechanical engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, green electricity is part of the solution to climate change, and electric cars are just the beginning. He sees a future of solar­powered homes and electric flying cars. “Soon, a plug­in vehicle might be as cheap as a gas­powered car. It is now abundantly clear that electric is the future，” he says. “It will be a totally new world.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各地都在发展电力驱动汽车，因为远离汽油驱动的汽车对应对气候变化至关重要。介绍了电动汽车面临的问题以及未来的发展趋势。 1．Which word best describes Trancik's attitude to the lithium­ion battery? A．Conservative.　　　　　 B．Skeptical. C．Positive. D．Disapproving. 解析 　 推理判断题。根据第二段“‘Once you burn gasoline, you can't recycle it，’ says Jessika Trancik, a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ‘But when you use up a battery, you can still recycle the material.’(‘一旦你燃烧了汽油，你就不能回收了，’麻省理工学院的研究员Jessika Trancik说。‘但当电池用完时，你仍然可以回收这种材料。’)”可知，锂离子电池用完可以回收，Trancik对锂离子电池持支持态度。故选C。 答案 　 C 2．What does Trancik indicate about charging stations in Paragraph 3? A．They should come down in price. B．They may be unfairly laid out. C．Enough of them have been built. D．They favor more ordinary people. 解析 　 推理判断题。根据第三段“Trancik says charging stations must also be made widely available. As part of an effort to fight climate change, America plans to build half a million of them in the US by 2030. She hopes enough charging stations will be built soon. ‘It's important to put chargers where many different people can have access to them，’she says. ‘Not just wealthier people.’(Trancik表示，充电站也必须广泛提供。作为应对气候变化努力的一部分，美国计划到2030年在美国建造50万座这样的建筑。她希望不久能建造足够的充电站。‘把充电站放在许多不同的人都可以使用的地方很重要，’她说。‘不仅仅是富人。’)”可知，Trancik认为充电站除了富人能使用外，还要让普通人也能使用到，可得出充电站可能会被不公平地放置。故选B。 答案 　 B 3．What can be inferred from Viswanathan? A．Gas­powered cars will be cheaper. B．Green electricity will be widely used. C．The price of batteries will drop sharply. D．Electric vehicles will beat climate change. 解析 　 推理判断题。根据最后一段“For Venkat Viswanathan, a professor of mechanical engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, green electricity is part of the solution to climate change, and electric cars are just the beginning. He sees a future of solar­powered homes and electric flying cars. ‘Soon, a plug­in vehicle might be as cheap as a gas­powered car. It is now abundantly clear that electric is the future，’he says. ‘It will be a totally new world.’(对卡内基梅隆大学机械工程教授Venkat Viswanathan来说，绿色电力是解决气候变化的一部分，而电动汽车只是一个开始。他看到了太阳能家庭和电动飞行汽车的未来。他说：‘很快，插电式汽车可能会像汽油动力汽车一样便宜。现在很明显，电动汽车是未来的发展方向。这将是一个全新的世界。’)”可知，未来绿色电力是主力，运用到日常生活的方方面面(如太阳能家庭和电动飞行汽车)，绿色电力将得到广泛应用。故选B。 答案 　 B 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Charging Stations Are Needed B．Vehicles Have Clean Options C．Climate Change Fuels Electricity D．Our Cars Are Going Electric 解析 　 标题归纳题。根据第一段“Nowadays, countries are eager to get more electric cars on the road because moving away from gas­powered vehicles is vital to fighting climate change. China says that most new vehicles sold by 2035 will be electric. The United Kingdom will ban new gas­powered cars in 2030. One of the world's major automakers, General Motors(GM), announced that it would stop selling gas­powered cars by 2035.(如今，各国都渴望有更多的电动汽车上路，因为远离汽油驱动的汽车对应对气候变化至关重要。中国表示，到2035年销售的大部分新车将是电动汽车。英国将在2030年禁止新的汽油动力汽车。全球主要汽车制造商之一通用汽车宣布，到2035年将停止销售汽油驱动汽车。)”结合文章大意可知，D选项“车辆将走向电动化”是最佳文章标题。故选D。 答案 　 D B (2022·全国乙卷)Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high­tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on­time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher­value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept：the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co­pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast­moving trains would be able to react in time. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。 5．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible? A．The use of drones in checking on power lines. B．Drones' ability to work at high altitudes. C．The reduction of cost in designing drones. D．Drones' reliable performance in remote areas. 解析 　 推理判断题。根据第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high­tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。它们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置。)”可知，无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。 答案 　 A 6．What does “maintenance” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones. C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure. 解析 　 词义猜测题。根据下文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.(据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”，故选C。 答案 　 C 7．What function is expected of the rail drones? A．To provide early warning. B．To make trains run automatically. C．To earn profits for the crews. D．To accelerate transportation. 解析 　 推理判断题。根据最后一段 “Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co­pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast­moving trains would be able to react in time.(带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。 凭借它们的预见能力，它们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应。)”可知对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题。故选A。 答案 　 A 8．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways 解析 　 标题归纳题。根据第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's ‘eyes in the sky' technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？这很可能是应用今天的‘空中之眼’技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能；第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。 答案 　 D Ⅱ.完形填空 (2023·湖南雅礼十六校二模)Changsha, capital of central China's Hunan Province, is 1 itself into the country's leading center of 2 manufacturing. The city's cluster of engineering machinery companies has been included in China's first list of 15 sophisticated manufacturing clusters. In recent years, Changsha has 3 promoted the high­quality development of its manufacturing industry, improved the sector's comprehensive strength and optimized its industrial 4 . The city has continuously 5 its innovation capacity and seen a 6 of major innovation outcomes. It has also promoted the extensive application of information technologies in industrialization, making its 7 manufacturing a 8 ． “As a 9 in building the cluster of engineering machinery companies, the Changsha Construction Machinery Industry Association encouraged companies to 10 over 220 new products and technologies, among which five products are the first of their kind in China and even the world, breaking technological 11 ，” said Wu Jingsheng, executive vice president of the association. The association also 12 in the second Changsha International Construction Equipment Exhibition held in Changsha and organized five themed forums. It also took part in the first China Construction Machinery Leasing Conference held in the city, which attracted over 1，500 leasing companies for offline activities and over 20，000 enterprises for 13 activities. “Changsha will build itself into a leading advanced manufacturing cluster in China and 14 an example in this regard, so as to drive 15 industrial development in the Changsha­Zhuzhou­Xiangtan metropolitan area and the rest of Hunan Province，” said Kang Xiaoping, director of the Changsha municipal industry and information technology bureau. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国中部湖南省的省会长沙正在转型为全国领先的先进制造业中心，介绍了其推动制造业发展所付出的努力以及取得的成就。 1．A．transforming　　　　 B．reforming C．catering　　 D．devoting 解析 　 动词辨析。句意：长沙，中国中部湖南省的省会，正在转型为全国领先的先进制造业中心。A．transforming(变换)；B.reforming(改革)；C.catering(迎合)；D.devoting(致力于)。根据下文“itself into the country's leading center of”指长沙正在转型成为制造业中心。故选A。 答案 　 A 2．A．industrial B． major C．advanced D．apical 解析 　 形容词辨析。句意见第1题。A．industrial(工业的)；B.major(主要的)；C.advanced(先进的)；D.apical(顶端的)。根据下文“The city's cluster of engineering machinery companies has been included in China's first list of 15 sophisticated manufacturing clusters.”可知，长沙工程机械企业集群已被列入中国首批15个高端制造业集群名单，说明正在转型为全国领先的先进制造业中心。故选C。 答案 　 C 3．A．randomly B． vigorously C．casually D．frequently 解析 　 副词辨析。句意：近年来，长沙市大力推动制造业高质量发展，提升制造业综合实力，优化产业模式。A．randomly(随机地)；B.vigorously(有力地)；C.casually(随意地)；D.frequently(频繁地)。根据下文“promoted the high­quality development of its manufacturing industry”可知，要转型就要大力推动制造业高质量发展，故选B。 答案 　 B 4．A．pattern B． standard C．design D．prospect 解析 　 名词辨析。句意见第3题。A．pattern(模式)；B.standard(标准)；C.design(设计)；D.prospect(前景)。根据上文“optimized its industrial”可知，长沙要成为制造业中心，就要优化产业模式。故选A。 答案 　 A 5．A．adjusted B． renewed C．enhanced D．accelerated 解析 　 动词辨析。句意：创新能力不断增强，重大创新成果不断涌现。A．adjusted(调整)；B.renewed(重新开始)；C.enhanced(增强)；D.accelerated(加速)。根据下文“its innovation capacity”可知，长沙在不断增强创新能力。故选C。 答案 　 C 6．A．discovery B． tendency C．revise D．stream 解析 　 名词辨析。句意见第5题。A．discovery(发现)；B.tendency(趋势)；C.revise(修订)；D.stream(小河)。根据下文“of major innovation outcomes”指重大创新成果不断涌现，此处为a stream of表示“一系列”。故选D。 答案 　 D 7．A．unmanned B． sensitive C．special D．intelligent 解析 　 形容词辨析。句意：推动信息化在工业化中的广泛应用，使智能制造成为中国的名片。A．unmanned(无人的)；B.sensitive(敏感的)；C.special(特别的)；D.intelligent(聪明的，智能的)。根据上文“the extensive application of information technologies”可知，长沙在推动信息化，即进行智能制造。故选D。 答案 　 D 8．A．helping hand B． calling card C．growing trend D．pulling arm 解析 　 名词短语辨析。句意见第7题。A．helping hand(援助之手)；B.calling card(名片)；C.growing trend(发展趋势)；D.pulling arm(拉臂)。根据上文可知长沙为了成为制造业中心进行了种种努力，其目标是成为中国制造业的名片。故选B。 答案 　 B 9．A．tutor B． pioneer C．follower D．core 解析 　 名词辨析。句意：“作为建设工程机械企业集群的先驱者，长沙市工程机械行业协会鼓励企业推出220多种新产品、新技术，其中5种产品是国内乃至世界首创，突破了技术瓶颈。”协会常务副会长吴京生说。A．tutor(家庭教师)；B.pioneer(先锋)；C.follower(追随者)；D.core(核心)。根据下文“which five products are the first of their kind in China”可知，长沙是建设工程机械企业集群的先驱者，故选B。 答案 　 B 10．A．put up B． set off C．roll out D．look into 解析 　 动词短语辨析。句意见第9题。A．put up(提供)；B.set off(出发)；C.roll out(推出)；D.look into(调查)。根据下文“over 220 new products and technologies”指推出220多种新产品、新技术。故选C。 答案 　 C 11．A．steppingstones B． bottlenecks C．drawbacks D．ties 解析 　 名词辨析。句意见第9题。A．steppingstones(踏脚石)；B.bottlenecks(瓶颈)；C.drawbacks(缺点)；D.ties(结)。根据上文“which five products are the first of their kind in China and even the world, breaking technological”可知，长沙推出的产品和技术中，其中5种产品是国内乃至世界首创，突破了技术瓶颈，故选B。 答案 　 B 12．A．participated B． appeared C．directed D．starred 解析 　 动词辨析。句意：协会还参加了在长沙举办的第二届长沙国际工程设备展览会，并组织了五场主题论坛。A．participated(参加)；B.appeared(出现)；C.directed(指导)；D.starred(主演)。根据下文“in the second Changsha International Construction Equipment Exhibition”指参加展览会，应用participate。故选A。 答案 　 A 13．A．other B． online C．relevant D．vis­à­vis 解析 　 语境辨析。句意：它还参加了首届中国工程机械租赁大会，吸引了1 500多家租赁公司线下活动，2万多家企业在网上活动。A．other(其余的)；B.online(在线的)；C.relevant(有关的)；D.vis­à­vis(关于)。上文“which attracted over 1，500 leasing companies for offline activities and over 20，000 enterprises for”提到了线下活动，故此处是在说明网上的活动情况。故选B。 答案 　 B 14．A．build up B． turn to C．set up D．beat down 解析 　 动词短语辨析。句意：“长沙将打造中国领先的先进制造业集群，并在这方面树立榜样，以带动长株潭城市群和湖南其他地区的产业协调发展。”长沙市工业和信息化局局长康小平说。A．build up(增强)；B.turn to(求助于)；C.set up(建立)；D.beat down(打倒)。根据下文“an example in this regard”指在某方面树立榜样，应用set up an example。故选C。 答案 　 C 15．A．coordinated B． decentralized C．prosperous D．healthy 解析 　 形容词辨析。句意见第14题。A．coordinated(协调一致的)；B.decentralized(分散管理的)；C.prosperous(繁荣的)；D.healthy(健康的)。根据下文“industrial development in the Changsha­Zhuzhou­Xiangtan metropolitan area and the rest of Hunan Province”可知，长沙将带动长株潭城市群和湖南其他地区的产业协调发展。故选A。 答案 　 A 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$