选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 People Of Achievement（word练习）-【勤径学升】2025年高考英语一轮总复习课时检测训练（人教版）

课时检测训练17　选择性必修第一册　UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 对应学生用书P339 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·重庆七校三诊) When Virginia Norwood was in high school in the 1940s, her guidance teacher advised her to become a librarian instead of a physicist. Luckily, she ignored him. “I was always enthusiastic about mathematical problems and physics,” said Norwood. Also, her father, an electrical engineer, was very important to her. By 1972, Norwood, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology graduate and engineer at Hughes Aircraft Company, had designed a vital component of Landsat 1, the first satellite launched into space to monitor Earth's surface. Satellites in the Landsat series still provide valuable data to scientists worldwide and Landsat 9 was successfully launched on September 27, 2021, almost 50 years after the first one. Norwood's contribution was the multispectral scanner(多光谱扫描仪)—a sensor that could be calibrated while in space to accurately detect red, green, and infrared(红外线的)energy reflected from Earth and could transmit(传输)data digitally to researchers on the ground. The scanner enabled scientists to track forest loss, crop productivity, and the spread of deserts, and to map inaccessible features of Earth's physical structures such as glaciers and ice sheets. “She cleared the way for an entire generation of Earth observation instruments,” says NASA's Jeffrey Masek, a Landsat project scientist. Norwood's device was included in the first several satellites launched through the Landsat program, a joint effort by NASA and the US Geological Survey. Other satellites have since surpassed the Landsat series in resolution and scanning abilities, but the continuity of the Landsat database over the decades makes it a gold standard in Earth imaging. ［语篇解读］本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Virginia Norwood从小梦想成为一名物理学家，长大后在物理领域做出了巨大的贡献。 1.What inspired Norwood to pursue physics? A.Her interest in the subject. B.Her father's job as a physicist. C.Her guidance teacher's advice. D.Her enthusiasm about the Landsat program. 解析 　 细节理解题。根据第一段“‘I was always enthusiastic about mathematical problems and physics,’ said Norwood.(诺伍德说：“我一直热衷于数学问题和物理学。”)”可知，诺伍德致力于物理学是因为她对这一学科的热爱。故选A。 答案 　 A 2.What does the underlined word “calibrated” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Detected. B.Described. C.Adjusted. D.Reflected. 解析 　 词义猜测题。根据第二段“Norwood's contribution was the multispectral scanner(多光谱扫描仪)—a sensor that could be calibrated while in space to accurately detect red, green, and infrared(红外线的)energy reflected from Earth and could transmit(传输)data digitally to researchers on the ground.(诺伍德的贡献是多光谱扫描仪——一种可以在太空中calibrated的传感器，可以准确检测从地球反射的红色、绿色和红外能量，并可以将数据以数字方式传输给地面研究人员。)”可知，多光谱扫描仪可以准确检测从地球反射的红色、绿色和红外能量，推测它是可以在太空中进行校准的传感器，画线单词表示“校准”，与adjusted同义。故选C。 答案 　 C 3.What is the author's attitude towards the Landsat series? A.Appreciative. B.Contradictory. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear. 解析 　 推理判断题。根据第一段“Satellites in the Landsat series still provide valuable data to scientists worldwide and Landsat 9 was successfully launched on September 27, 2021, almost 50 years after the first one.(陆地卫星系列中的卫星仍然为世界各地的科学家提供有价值的数据，陆地卫星9号于2021年9月27日成功发射，距离第一次发射已经过去了近50年。)”以及最后一段“Other satellites have since surpassed the Landsat series in resolution and scanning abilities, but the continuity of the Landsat database over the decades makes it a gold standard in Earth imaging.(此后，其他卫星的分辨率和扫描能力都超过了陆地卫星系列，但几十年来陆地卫星数据库的连续性使其成为地球成像的黄金标准。)”可知，陆地卫星系列中的卫星仍然为世界各地的科学家提供有价值的数据，几十年来陆地卫星数据库的连续性使其成为地球成像的黄金标准，可推知作者对于陆地卫星系列持有赞赏的态度。故选A。 答案 　 A 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.A Joint Effort to Monitor Earth's Surface B.Meet the Landsat Pioneer—Virginia Norwood C.A Great Contribution—the Multispectral Scanner D.Satellites Launched Through the Landsat Program 解析 　 主旨大意题。根据第一段“When Virginia Norwood was in high school in the 1940s, her guidance teacher advised her to become a librarian instead of a physicist. Luckily, she ignored him.(20世纪40年代，弗吉尼亚·诺伍德上高中时，她的指导老师建议她成为一名图书管理员，而不是物理学家。幸运的是，她没有理会他。)”、第二段“Norwood's contribution was the multispectral scanner(诺伍德的贡献是多光谱扫描仪)”以及第三段“Norwood's device was included in the first several satellites launched through the Landsat program, a joint effort by NASA and the US Geological Survey.(诺伍德的设备被包括在美国国家航空航天局和美国地质调查局联合通过陆地卫星计划发射的首批几颗卫星中。)”可知，本文主要介绍了陆地卫星计划的先驱者Virginia Norwood的事迹，所以“认识陆地卫星先驱者Virginia Norwood”可以作为文章标题。故选B。 答案 　 B B (2023·江西稳派联考模拟)From life-saving medical technologies to everyday household items, these four brilliant women left an indelible mark on history with their inventions.  Modern ironing board by Sarah Boone Before the invention, clothing used to be ironed on wooden planks balanced between chairs. Though it seems like a simple invention, Boone put a lot of thoughts into it, which was evident in the end product. Aside from solving the initial problem of uneven ironing, Boone also made the ironing board's legs folded for storage and designed a curved(弧形的)shape for the body to accommodate sleeves and curved areas. Alongside her invention, Boone also became one of the first African-American woman to receive a patent.  Silk by Empress Lei Zu  Though there is no way of confirming the account, ancient writings(including Confucius')attribute the first invention of silk to the Chinese Empress Lei Zu, who was fourteen at the time and had been enjoying tea in the imperial gardens when a fateful incident took place. A cocoon(茧)fell into her teacup and lost its cohesiveness(黏着性)upon contact with the hot water. The fact that the cocoon was a single strand of silk had drawn Lei Zu's attention and she wove the thread into fabric, creating silk cloth. Caller ID and call waiting by Shirley Ann Jackson  Dr Shirley Ann Jackson broke the glass ceiling as the first African-American woman to be awarded a doctorate from MIT. She contributed to the invention of caller ID and call waiting during her research period at AT＆T Bell Laboratories, so we can now see the phone number and name of whoever is ringing our phones. Spray-on skin repair technique by Fiona Wood  Dr Fiona Wood introduced spray-on skin repair technique to the world in the 1990s. The technique changed the way in which burn victims used to be treated, as spray-on skin repair technique can be directly applied to wounds to form a new layer of skin that promotes healing and minimises the risk of infection. ［语篇解读］本文是应用文。文章介绍了四位杰出的女性。 5.What can we learn about Sarah Boone? A.She learned a lot from ironing. B.She solved the problem of washing. C.She created a piece of useful furniture. D.She was the first person to receive a patent. 解析 　 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Before the invention, clothing used to be ironed on wooden planks balanced between chairs. Though it seems like a simple invention, Boone put a lot of thoughts into it, which was evident in the end product. Aside from solving the initial problem of uneven ironing, Boone also made the ironing board's legs folded for storage and designed a curved(弧形的)shape for the body to accommodate sleeves and curved areas.(在发明之前，衣服是在椅子之间的木板上熨烫的。虽然这看起来像是一个简单的发明，但Boone在其中投入了很多想法，这在最终产品中是显而易见的。除了解决最初熨烫不均匀的问题外，Boone还将熨衣板的腿折叠起来存放，并为木板设计了一个弯曲的形状，以容纳袖子和弯曲的区域)”可知，Sarah Boone发明的烫衣板是一件有用的家具。故选C。 答案 　 C 6.What inspired Lei Zu to find silk? A.Her interest in drinking tea. B.A cocoon dropping into her cup. C.A desire to write something crucial. D.Her working in the imperial gardens. 解析 　 细节理解题。根据第三段中“A cocoon(茧)fell into her teacup and lost its cohesiveness(黏着性)upon contact with the hot water. The fact that the cocoon was a single strand of silk had drawn Lei Zu's attention and she wove the thread into fabric, creating silk cloth.(一只茧掉进了她的茶杯里，一接触到热水就失去了黏着性。蚕茧是一根单丝，这引起了嫘祖的注意，她把丝线织成织物，制成了丝绸)”可知，嫘祖在花园喝茶时，一只茧掉进了她的杯子里。这个意外让她发现了蚕丝。故选B。 答案 　 B 7.Who made a contribution to medical cause? A.Sarah Boone. B.Lei Zu. C.Shirley Ann Jackson. D.Fiona Wood. 解析 　 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Dr Fiona Wood introduced spray-on skin repair technique to the world in the 1990s.(菲奥娜·伍德医生在20世纪90年代向世界介绍了皮肤喷雾修复技术)”可知，Fiona Wood 首创了用喷雾治疗皮肤烧伤的技术，为医疗事业做出了贡献。故选D。 答案 　 D Ⅱ.七选五 (2023·湖北模拟预测)I have the bad habit of skipping to the last pages of a book to see how it ends while I am still in the middle of it. 1 Often my impatience wouldn't be limited just to the books I read but also to what they were reading as well. Finally one day my daughter told me in anger, “Dad please just read a book one page at a time like everyone else！” 2 I have also tried to skip ahead in my own life and figure out what to do months and even years from now instead of embracing each day as God intended. I knew that the book of my life wasn't done yet and that I had many pages left to go. Still, that didn't stop me from trying to write the ending half­way through. Time and again, I would foolishly jump ahead and try to solve every imaginable problem before it happened so I could reach that storybook happily ever after ending. 3 God loves to surprise us, and you never know what new problem, change, or opportunity each new day will bring. Recently when I found myself returning to that bad habit of rushing ahead and living in the future again, something unexpected struck into my heart. 4 When I realized it I smiled, turned the book of my life back to the right page, and thanked God for today. 5 Each of us has to live it one page and one day at a time. Each of us has to have faith in God to help us to write it line by line and moment by moment. Each of us has to trust that our Heavenly Father will bring our story to its perfect end. A．Life, however, doesn't work like that. B．I realized life is always going like this. C．There is no skipping ahead in the book of life. D．Nevertheless, her words didn't have much influence on me. E．At times I haven't limited this bad habit to just books either. F．I heard a special soul gently telling me I needed to live one day at a time. G．This annoyed first my mom, then my friends, and finally even my own daughter. [语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者有个坏习惯，就是在读到一本书中间的时候，跳过去看故事是怎么结束的，作者还把这个坏习惯带到生活中去，但事实上，生活中充满着新的问题、变化或机会，你无法跳到前面，在所有可能的问题发生之前解决它们。我们每个人都应该过好当下每一天，一行一行地写下自己的人生之书。 1．解析 　 上文“I have the bad habit of skipping to the last pages of a book to see how it ends while I am still in the middle of it.(我有一个坏习惯，当我还在书的中间时，我会跳到书的最后几页，看看它是如何结束的。)”提出作者的坏习惯，空格处应该指出这个坏习惯产生的影响，结合下文“Finally one day my daughter told me in anger, ‘Dad please just read a book one page at a time like everyone else！’(终于有一天，我女儿生气地告诉我，‘爸爸，请像其他人一样，一页一页地读一本书！’)”可知，G项(这首先惹恼了我妈妈，然后是我的朋友，最后甚至是我自己的女儿。)承上启下，this代指上文提到的“the bad habit”，故选G。 答案 　 G 2．解析 　 下文“I have also tried to skip ahead in my own life and figure out what to do months and even years from now instead of embracing each day as God intended.(我也试图跳过我自己的生活，想想几个月甚至几年后该做些什么，而不是按照上帝的意愿去拥抱每一天。)”具体指出作者将自己的坏习惯带到生活中去，E项(有时候我也没有把这个坏习惯限制在书本上。)引起下文，符合语境，故选E。 答案 　 E 3．解析 　 上文“Time and again, I would foolishly jump ahead and try to solve every imaginable problem before it happened so I could reach that storybook happily ever after ending.(一次又一次，我愚蠢地跳到前面，试图在所有可能的问题发生之前解决它们，这样我就可以像读故事书一样快乐地知道结局。)”提到作者愚蠢地跳到前面，试图在所有可能的问题发生之前解决它们，下文“God loves to surprise us, and you never know what new problem, change, or opportunity each new day will bring.(上帝喜欢给我们惊喜，你永远不知道新的一天会带来什么新的问题、变化或者机会。)”指出事实上，并不像作者想的那样，生活中充满新的问题、改变或机会，你无法跳到前面，在所有可能的问题发生之前解决它们。空格处应该是引出下文话题，同时和上文是转折关系，A项(然而生活不是这样的。)符合题意，故选A。 答案 　 A 4．解析 　 根据上文“Recently when I found myself returning to that bad habit of rushing ahead and living in the future again, something unexpected struck into my heart.(最近，当我发现自己又有了那个冲向未来，再次活在未来的坏习惯时，一些意想不到的东西打动了我的心。)”可知，空格处应该是承接上文，具体描写“一些意想不到的东西”，F项(我听到一个特别的灵魂温柔地告诉我，我需要活在当下。)符合语境，故选F。 答案 　 F 5．解析 　 下文“Each of us has to live it one page and one day at a time. Each of us has to have faith in God to help us to write it line by line and moment by moment. Each of us has to trust that our Heavenly Father will bring our story to its perfect end.(我们每个人都要一页一页地生活。我们每个人都要相信上帝会帮助我们一行一行和一刻一刻地写下我们的人生之书。我们每个人都必须相信，我们的上帝会把我们的故事带到完美的结局。)”提出我们在生活中不应该跳跃，要过好每一天，一行一行地写下自己的人生之书，C项(生命之书中没有跳跃。)概括了本段内容，故选C。 答案 　 C Ⅲ.语法填空 (2023·福建三明摸底)As Dr Lin Qiaozhi said, “To a person nothing is 1.____(precious)than their life…” These words of her give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and 2.____carried her through a life of hard choices. At age 18, she chose to study medicine instead of following the traditional path of 3.____(marry)like the majority of girls. At age 26, she was hired as 4.____ resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital 5.____(immediate)after she graduated. Within six months, she was assigned to a higher position 6.____ usually took four years to achieve. After working for a few years, she was sent to study abroad, where she 7.____(reject)the offer from her foreign colleagues. She wanted to serve the women and children at home. In 1941, she became the first Chinese woman ever 8.____(appoint)director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but later, the department was closed because of the war. So she opened a private clinic to help the people in need and charged very low 9.____(fee)and often reduced costs for poor patients. The People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, 10.____(deliver)over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. ［语篇解读］本文是一篇记叙文。文章按照时间顺序叙述了医学家林巧稚的一生，其中着重描写了她曾面临的人生抉择。 1.解析 　 考查形容词比较级。句意：正如林巧稚医生所说：“对一个人来说，没有什么比生命更珍贵……”根据空后的than和句意可知，此处需用比较级表示“没有什么比生命更珍贵”，应用precious的比较级形式more precious。故填more precious。 答案 　 more precious 2.解析 　 考查名词性从句。句意：她的这些话让我们看到了这位了不起的女人的内心，以及是什么让她度过了艰难的人生选择。分析句子结构可知，空处引导名词性从句作介词into的宾语，从句中缺少主语，且结合句意可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。 答案 　 what 3.解析 　 考查名词。句意：18岁时，她选择了学医，而不是像大多数女孩一样走传统的婚姻道路。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词of的宾语，marry的名词形式marriage，意为“婚姻”。故填marriage。 答案 　 marriage 〖HJ2.5mm〗 4.解析 　 考查冠词。句意：26岁毕业后，她立即被聘为北京协和医院妇产科的一名住院医师。空处表示泛指，意为“一个，一名”，应用不定冠词，且resident以辅音音素开头。故填a。 答案 　 a 5.解析 　 考查副词。句意：26岁毕业后，她立即被聘为北京协和医院妇产科的一名住院医师。空处作状语，应用immediate的副词形式immediately，意为“立即”。故填immediately。 答案 　 immediately 6.解析 　 考查定语从句。句意：在六个月内，她被分配到一个通常需要四年才能获得更高职位。空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词position，先行词为物，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 答案 　 that/which 7.解析 　 考查时态。句意：工作几年后，她被派往国外学习，在那里她拒绝了外国同事的邀请。空处作where引导的定语从句的谓语，描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填rejected。 答案 　 rejected 8.解析 　 考查非谓语动词。句意：1941年，她成为第一位被任命为北京协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性，但后来，该科室因战争而关闭。根据the first Chinese woman可知，此处用“the+序数词+名词+to do”，且appoint和woman逻辑上是被动关系，应用appoint的不定式被动语态。故填to be appointed。 答案 　 to be appointed 9.解析 　 考查名词复数。句意：所以她开了一家私人诊所来帮助有需要的人，收费很低，经常为贫困病人降低成本。空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词fee应用复数形式。故填fees。 答案 　 fees 10.解析 　 考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然林巧稚从未结婚，但她被称为“万婴之母”，一生中接生了5万多名婴儿。空处作状语，deliver和she逻辑上是主动关系，且deliver的动作发生在was known as的动作之前，应用deliver的现在分词完成式。故填having delivered。 答案 　 having delivered 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$