选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science And Scientists（word练习）-【勤径学升】2025年高考英语一轮总复习课时检测训练（人教版）

课时检测训练22　选择性必修第二册　UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 对应学生用书P353 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2022·浙江卷)The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity. By providing long­distance communication and energy, electricity created the modern world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier. “It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions.” writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers：Steam, Electricity, and the Men Who Invented Modem AmericA． Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative(叙述)so lively that at times it reads like a novel. The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected “the machine that changed the world”. Klein writes, “America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords they put it to more uses than anyone else.” Meanwhile, over the course of the 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulb(白炽灯泡)that brought electric light into the American home. Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became the major forms of power delivery. To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章按照时间顺序讲述了蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系。 1．What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity? A．It is closely linked to the steam age. B．It began earlier than proper thought. C．It is a little­studied period of history. D．It will come to an end sooner or later. 解析 　 推理判断题。根据第二段“It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions.(好奇的是，竟然没有人把蒸汽和电力革命的历史放在一起。)”可知，在Klein看来，电力时代和蒸汽时代是有很紧密的联系的。故选A。 答案 　 A 2．What can be inferred about Ned? A．He was born in New York City. B．He wrote many interesting stories. C．He created an electricity company. D．He lived mainly in the 19th century. 解析 　 推理判断题。根据最后一段“To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime.(为了构建他的故事，Klein创造了Ned这个角色，一个虚构的人物，在一个人的一生中见证了蒸汽和电力革命给美国带来的进步。)”和第四段“Meanwhile, over the course of the 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity.(同时，在19世纪，电力从好奇变成了刚需。)”可知，Ned见证了蒸汽时代和电力革命，所以他应该是生活在19世纪。故选D。 答案 　 D 3．What is the text? A．A biography.　　　　　　 B．A book review. C．A short story. D．A science report. 解析 　 推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段“To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.(为了构建他的故事，Klein创造了Ned这个角色，一个虚构的人物，在一个人的一生中见证了蒸汽和电力革命给美国带来的进步。这是一种有助于将长篇故事变得有趣的技巧。)”可知，这篇文章是一篇书评。故选B。 答案 　 B B (2023·贵州遵义三模)Joseph Dituri hasn't seen the sun for days. And he won't see it again for months. Since March 1, the bio-medical engineer has been underwater, with the goal of spending 100 days there—for science.  The underwater living, if successful, will also break the current world record for time spent living underwater, which was set by two Tennessee biologists in 2014 when they stayed beneath the surface for 73 days.  Dituri, who uses the nickname Dr. Deep Sea, is living in Jules' Undersea Lodge(小屋)in Key Largo, Florida—the same underwater spot where the previous record was set. The 100-square-foot hotel, which sits 30 feet below the surface, is his intended home until June 9, where he'll be carrying out research and giving virtual lectures for his students at the University of South Florida. As part of this research, Dituri is researching the effects of living in a high-pressure environment for an extended period. To keep water from entering the lodge, air must constantly be pumped into the space, which creates a pressure about 1.6 times that of Earth's surface.  “The human body has never been underwater that long, so I will be monitored closely,” Dituri says in a press release. “This study will examine every way this journey affects my body.” Before taking the dive, Dituri had psychosocial, psychological and medical tests. He will continue to have testing during and after his 100 days at the lodge. He's also taking doses of Vitamin D and keeping regular psychological appointments.  Beyond research, the project is also a chance to promote ocean protection and encourage young scientists. “The oceans are in a bit of trouble—the coral reefs are under attack, and the fishing industry is collapsing,” Thane Milhoan, habitat operations manager for Jules' Undersea Lodge, says in a video. “We wanted to make use of the attention that the 100-day mission would demand to inspire the youth, more so than anybody, to get involved and start taking action.” ［语篇解读］本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项科学家挑战水下空间生活的一项科学研究，介绍了其主要研究人、研究目的和开展过程与方式。 4.What is the reason for Joseph Dituri's living underwater? A.To enjoy a unique hotel.  B.To do scientific research. C.To break the world record.  D.To promote an undersea lodge. 解析 　 细节理解题。根据第一段“Since March 1, the bio-medical engineer has been underwater, with the goal of spending 100 days there—for science.(自3月1日以来，这位生物医学工程师一直在水下，目标是在那里呆100天——为了科学)”可知，约瑟夫·迪图里生活在水下是为了做科学研究。故选B。 答案 　 B 5.How do the researchers keep water out of the lodge? A.By pumping air into the lodge.  B.By increasing the water pressure. C.By changing the underwater spot.  D.By extending the surface of the hotel. 解析 　 细节理解题。根据第四段“To keep water from entering the lodge, air must constantly be pumped into the space, which creates a pressure about 1.6 times that of Earth's surface.(为了防止水进入小屋，必须不断向空间中注入空气，这将产生大约是地球表面压力的1.6倍的压力)”可知，研究人员把空气抽进小屋来将水排除在小屋之外。故选A。 答案 　 A 6.Why is Dituri always taking tests? A.To keep a positive mood.  B.To adapt to the environment. C.To see the effects of the study on him.  D.To examine the change of the surroundings. 解析 　 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“‘The human body has never been underwater that long, so I will be monitored closely,’ Dituri says in a press release. ‘This study will examine every way this journey affects my body.’(迪图里在一次新闻发布会上说：“人体从来没有在水下待过那么久，所以我会受到密切监视。这项研究将检验这段旅程对我身体的每一种影响。”)”可知，总是做检查的原因是监测水下生活对人体的影响。故选C。 答案 　 C 7.What does the underlined word “collapsing” in the last paragraph mean? A.Breaking down. B.Coming out. C.Operating well. D.Growing fast. 解析 　 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The oceans are in a bit of trouble—the coral reefs are under attack, and the fishing industry is”可知海洋处于麻烦中，珊瑚礁遭破坏，渔业在崩溃。海洋需要保护，这也是本项研究的另一目的。故画线词意思是“崩溃”。故选A。 答案 　 A Ⅱ.七选五 (2023·湖南一模) Take a Break from Technology In today's world we are constantly surrounded by technology. It's true to say that technology makes our lives easier. 1 Otherwise we put ourselves at risk of developing hundreds of health problems. Over the summer the days are longer, sunnier and free from school. With all this free time, why not put it to good use and do something that doesn't involve technology? 2 There are hundreds of possibilities：crafts, cooking, learning a musical instrument or a new sport. Maybe you've always wanted to try out that recipe, but haven't had time? Perhaps you fancy learning how to knit, so you can have a new sweater for the autumn? You could use your free time to learn something new. 3 If you just fancy relaxing, why not head to a beach? Take along your favourite book and relax on the sand or go for a walk along the coastline(just make sure you're aware of the tides！). If you don't live near a beach, you could go to your local park. 4 Whatever you choose to do with your summer, try something new! 5 Also, you might make new friends along the way. Next time you find yourself aimlessly channel­hopping, have a think at what else you could spend your time doing. A．To start with, you could learn a new skill. B．Technology has become an important part of our lives. C．And perhaps it'll lead to an exciting opportunity in the future. D．You might surprise yourself and find a hidden talent within you. E．Why not take along a picnic, or try and identify some of the local wildlife? F．However, increasing scientists are saying that we need to give ourselves a break. G．In our increasingly technology­driven world, have we become addicted to technology? [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述在科技发达的今天要学会从中放松自己。 1．解析 　 上文“In today's world we are constantly surrounded by technology. It's true to say that technology makes our lives easier.(在当今世界，我们一直被科技所包围。科技使我们的生活更便捷，这是事实。)”说明科技给我们带来好处，下文“Otherwise we put ourselves at risk of developing hundreds of health problems. Over the summer the days are longer, sunnier and free from school. With all this free time, why not put it to good use and do something that doesn't involve technology？(否则我们就会把自己置于数百种健康问题的危险之中。夏天白天更长，阳光更充足，而且不用上学。有这么多空闲时间，为什么不好好利用，做一些不涉及科技的事情呢？)”提倡做一些不涉及科技的事情，说明设空处应与上文形成转折关系。F项(然而，越来越多的科学家表示，我们需要让自己休息一下。)符合语境。故选F。 答案 　 F 2．解析 　 下文“There are hundreds of possibilities：crafts, cooking, learning a musical instrument or a new sport. Maybe you've always wanted to try out that recipe, but haven't had time? Perhaps you fancy learning how to knit, so you can have a new sweater for the autumn？(有成百上千的可能性：手工艺、烹饪、学习一种乐器或一项新的运动。也许你一直想尝试一下这个食谱，但一直没有时间？也许你想学编织，这样秋天就能有一件新毛衣了？)”讲述的是可以学习的新技能。设空处位于段首，起开启下文的作用。A项(首先，你可以学习一项新技能。)符合语境，下文提到的“crafts, cooking, learning a musical instrument or a new sport”等，就是新技能的举例说明。故选A。 答案 　 A 3．解析 　 上文“Maybe you've always wanted to try out that recipe, but haven't had time? Perhaps you fancy learning how to knit, so you can have a new sweater for the autumn? You could use your free time to learn something new.(也许你一直想尝试一下这个食谱，但一直没有时间？也许你想学编织，这样秋天就能有一件新毛衣了？你可以利用空闲时间学点新东西。)”讲述的是学习新技能的可能性。设空处位于段尾，承接上文所讲。C项(也许这会在将来带来一个令人兴奋的机会。)符合语境，与上文句式相同，and和perhaps是关键词。故选C。 答案 　 C 4．解析 　 上文“If you just fancy relaxing, why not head to a beach? Take along your favourite book and relax on the sand or go for a walk along the coastline(just make sure you're aware of the tides！). If you don't live near a beach, you could go to your local park.[如果你只想放松一下，为什么不去海滩呢？带上你最喜欢的书，在沙滩上放松，或者沿着海岸线散步(只是要确保你知道潮汐！)如果你不住在海滩附近，你可以去附近的公园。]”讲述的是户外放松的方式。设空处承接上文，可能推荐不在海滩附近的放松方式。E项(为什么不去野餐，或者尝试辨认一些当地的野生生物呢？)符合语境，其中“Why not take along”与上文一致。故选E。 答案 　 E 5．解析 　 上文“Whatever you choose to do with your summer, try something new！(不管你夏天选择做什么，尝试一些新的东西吧！)”讲述的是夏天的时候尝试做一些新的事。下文“Also, you might make new friends along the way. Next time you find yourself aimlessly channel­hopping, have a think at what else you could spend your time doing.(同时，你可能会在这个过程中交到新朋友。下次当你发现自己漫无目的地换台时，想想看你还能把时间花在什么事情上。)”讲述的是打发时间时可以想一想做些其他的事。设空处位于段中，承上启下。D项(你可能会让自己惊讶，发现你隐藏的才能。)符合语境，hidden talent呼应上文的something new。故选D。 答案 　 D Ⅲ.语法填空 (2023·太原三模)Giant Amazonian lily pads(睡莲叶)are the world's largest and strongest floating plants and the giant Amazonian water lily has long fascinated scientists, architects and artists for 1. (it)beauty and sheer size. Yet how the lily's leaves are able to grow as large as 10 feet across, strong enough to support the 2. (weigh)of a small child, 3. (remain)a mystery—till now. “4. we showed through our experiments and modeling was that these leaves are uniquely strong and have great opportunities 5. (enable)them to grow really big，” says Thorogood, from a team of British and French scientists. In fact, the giant lily 6. (discover)by British explorers in South America in 1801 and symbolized the British Empire. But it became more than 7. symbol as botanists repeatedly attempted to grow it at home. The British gardener and architect Joseph Paxton was the first to 8. (success)grow the giant water lily. It inspired his design of the Crystal Palace, a London landmark of cast iron and glass that was built for the Great Exhibition of 1851. “Nature was the engineer，” Paxton said. “Nature has provided the leaf 9. special structures and supports that I, 10. (borrow)from it, have adopted in this building.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巨大的亚马逊睡莲的叶子能够长到10英尺宽，强壮到足以支撑一个小孩的重量，科学家对此进行研究，并把一些发现应用到建筑中去。 1．解析 　 考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词短语beauty and sheer size。故填its。 答案 　 its 2．解析 　 考查名词。此处应用名词weight作宾语，且为不可数名词。故填weight。 答案 　 weight 3．解析 　 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，“Yet how the lily's leaves are able to grow as large as 10 feet across, strong enough to support the 2. (weigh)of a small child”是主语，空格处是谓语，由“till now”可知，句子应用现在完成时，且remain没有被动，主语是句子，看成第三人称单数，所以应用has remained。故填has remained。 答案 　 has remained 4．解析 　 考查名词性从句。句中“4. we showed through our experiments and modeling”是主语，为主语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的东西”应用what来引导，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 答案 　 What 5．解析 　 考查非谓语动词。have an opportunity to do sth.意为“有机会做某事”，opportunity常跟不定式作后置定语。故填to enable。 答案 　 to enable 6．解析 　 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空格处和symbolized作并列谓语，由“in 1801”可知，发现睡莲这件事发生在过去，应用一般过去时，主语lily和动词discover之间是被动关系，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数。故填was discovered。 答案 　 was discovered 7．解析 　 考查冠词。此处表示“一个象征”应用不定冠词来修饰，且symbol发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 答案 　 a 8．解析 　 考查副词。动词grow应用副词successfully来修饰。故填successfully。 答案 　 successfully 9．解析 　 考查介词。provide…with sth.是固定搭配，意为“为……提供某物”，故填with。 答案 　 with 10．解析 　 考查非谓语动词。空格处是非谓语动词作状语，主语I和动词borrow是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填borrowing。 答案 　 borrowing 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$