Unit 11 课时跟踪检测(2) 语言运用综合练（word练习）-【新课程学案】新教材2023-2024学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

UNIT 11 课时跟踪检测(二) 语言运用综合练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 People generally consider that friendship is reciprocal (相互的)．But when we analyzed self-reported relationship surveys, we found that only about half of friendships are indeed reciprocal.These findings indicate a profound inability of people to know who their friends are. This may seem like an interesting but minor finding, but this kind of asymmetric (不对称的) friendships has a major effect on the ability of an individual to convince others to cooperate or change their behavior.That's because success depends on the ability to recruit friends to help at important times — in the spread of new behaviors, new ideas, and new methods. Moreover, in recent years peer-support programs have become highly effective ways to make use of peer influence to support behavioral change of employees.One specific type of peer-support program is the “buddy system”．In this program, individuals are paired with another person (a buddy) with the responsibility of supporting them to change their behavior. But our findings suggest that this misperception (错误认知) of friendships significantly limits the efforts buddy systems make to promote a behavioral change.What's more, we've found that which way friendship is perceived between two people is also a factor.For example, we found that when a one-way friendship tie exists from the buddy (the person applying peer pressure) to the subject (the person receiving the pressure), programs were more effective than when friendship tie was from the subject to the buddy.While it is best to have a reciprocal friendship, having a buddy who thinks of their subject as a friend is the next best relationship. To overcome this limitation, we can't rely on how the subject perceives the relationship with the buddy to create effectiveness.If we want to design a program, two simple findings can be applied to achieve behavioral change more effectively.The first is that we shouldn't consider people with a high number of social ties as “inf