内容正文:
专题13 完形填空通关练
(说明文)
1. 完形填空说明文解题策略
2. 名校优选完形填空专项通关练
【解题策略】
完形填空常考体裁为记叙文、说明文和夹叙夹议文。说明文类完形填空一般在首句提出说明的对象。常见的有人物介绍、地点介绍、节日、习俗介绍、实验报告等。说明文表诉严谨、内容客观真实、语言简练。说明文一般按照一定的顺序,如时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑关系等条理清晰的展开。
解题步骤
1. 速读浏览大意:快速阅读全文,通过浏览全文,领会大意,了解文章体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节和写作风格等。
2. 初填扣文意:先易后难,瞻前顾后,紧扣全文内容展开逻辑推理。注意从上下文中寻找线索,同时注意句法、词汇的意义、搭配等多角度综合考虑。
3. 复读再核查:根据多角度衡量试填后,把全文再通读一遍,确保用词准确、语义连贯。所选答案填入空格处应当做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整、逻辑严谨、首尾呼应。
解题策略
1. 抓住首句: 说明文的首句一般就指出了说明对象,即“开篇点题”。指明了方向,对解答问题具有指导下作用。
2. 上下求索找线索:说明文类的文章上下文逻辑很严谨,在阅读时,对特定的语境应做深入的理解。根据上下文找出信息词是做好完形填空的关键。从近年高考真题看,高考完形越来越侧重对语篇的考查,信息的逻辑推理判断。单词的考查以实词为主,虚词为辅。侧重动词(短语)、名词、形容词的考查。词语在特定语境中所表达的隐含信息需借助上下文甚至全文语境的限定才能准确得出答案。
3. 文化背景、生活常识找线索:解题时,需调动文化背景知识和生活常识,同时还应当注意中西方文化的差异。
4. 语篇标志性逻辑词找线索:句子与句子之间,语篇之中经常给出表明逻辑关系的词语如,表示时间关系的before, so far, yet, now, later, from now/then on,等。
表示结构层次的firstly, secondly, thirdly, besides等。
表示因果关系的so, therefore, because, thus, since, as, owing to, due to等。
表示转折关系的but, however, while, on the other hand等。
表示并列关系的and, also, as well se等。
5. 习惯用法和词语辨析:从近年高考真题看,词、词组的词语辨析试题比重呈加大的趋势。主要考查习惯用法、同义词、近义词等。
【名校优选专项通关练】
1.(2024·浙江嘉兴·高三校考阶段练习)
The Poseidon Effect
Late one autumn day at the local swimming pool in Ancenis, France, an 18-year-old named Jean LeRoy came for his regular evening swim in the 25-metre pool.
When people are drowning, they don’t usually shout and 1 in the way it happens on television. Most people drown quite 2 , with the person quickly sinking beneath the water. On the evening, LeRoy was testing how far he could swim underwater 3 one breath. At some moment, as he was doing this, he became unconscious. 4 he tried he couldn’t breathe. He sank to the bottom of the pool. LeRoy was drowning.
Luckily for him, the swimming pool was 5 with an electronic surveillance system called Poseidon. Although the human lifeguards had not noticed, 12 large machine eyes deep underwater were watching the whole thing. Poseidon has underwate