易错点03 动词(短语)（4大易错点+易错通关练）-备战2024年中考英语考试易错题（浙江专用）

语言基础03 动词（短语） 动词的分类 分类方法 种类 语法意义 示例 按时限分类 延续性动词 能与一段时间连用的,动作可延续的动词 live,study,work,stay,read 非延续性动词 动作瞬间完成,不能与一段时间连用 (与一段时间连用需转换) finish,end,go,come,die,open 按性质分类 行为动词 及物动词 接宾语 I reached Beijing just now. 不及物动词 不接宾语 (后跟介词可接宾语) I got to Beijing just now. 连系动词 接表语 be,seem,look,feel,sound, smell,taste,get,turn,become 助动词 接动词原形或分词 do,does,did,have,has,had 情态动词 接动词原形 can,may,must,should, would,could 按形式分类 动词原形 动词本身 jump,run,sing 第三人称单数 动词原形后加-s/es comes,finishes 过去式 规则的加-ed,不规则的强记 lived,wrote 过去分词 规则的加-ed,不规则的强记 danced,written 现在分词 动词原形后加-ing writing,singing 动词第三人称单数的构成 1.大多数动词在词尾加“-s”,“-s”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。如: ①stop—stops[s]; make—makes[s] ②read—reads[z]; play—plays[z] 2.以辅音字母加“y”结尾的动词,先将“y”变为“i”,然后再加“-es”,发音为[z]。如:fly—flies[z]; carry—carries[z]; study—studies[z] 3.以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的动词,在词尾加“-es”,发音为[iz]。如:teach—teaches[iz]; watch—watches[iz] 4.以“o”结尾的动词,在词尾加“-es”,发音为[z]。如:go—goes[z];do—does[z] 5.特殊用法:have—has 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.He often ____________ (walk) to work. 2.Alice always ____________ (do) her homework before dinner. 3.Mr Wang often ____________ (fix) desks and chairs for us. 4.My mom ____________ (have) two bikes. 5.My grandpa always ____________(grow) vegetables in spring. 动词的现在分词的构成 (1)一般在词尾加“-ing”。 如:go—going; play—playing; know—knowing (2)以不发音的字母“e”结尾的动词,去“e”再加“-ing”(去哑e)。 如:make—making; arrive—arriving; come—coming (3)以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写词尾的辅音字母,再加“-ing”(重闭单辅先双写)。 如:run—running; stop—stopping;begin—beginning (4)以“ie”结尾的动词,先将“ie”变为“y”,再加“-ing”(“ie”结尾先变“y”)。 如:die—dying; lie—lying 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Look! Two bears are ____________ (watch) TV in the living room. 2.Ben likes ____________ (ride) a bike to school. 3.There’s a pencil ____________(lie) on the ground. 4.Mark is ____________(walk) his dog in the park now. 动词的过去式及过去分词的构成 (1)规则动词过去式构成规则 ①一般情况下,在动词原形后直接加“-ed”。 如:work—worked;play—played;want—wanted;ask—asked ②以不发音的字母“e”结尾的动词,在词尾直接加“-d”。 如:live—lived; move—moved; cause—caused