内容正文:
04.非谓语动词
1.动词固定搭配中的非谓语结构形式。
(1)动词后接不定式作宾语,如agree、ask、decide、expect、want等;
(2) 动词(短语)后接动名词作宾语,如avoid、finish、practice、enjoy、mind、stand、look forward to等;
(3)一些使役动词的固定搭配,如have sth. done(使/让/要某事被做)。
2.根据非谓语动词的作用判断非谓语动词的形式
如果找不到固定结构,则分析该非谓语动词在句中的作用或成分,把握以下四个原则
(1用作目的状语,原则上用不定式;
(2用作伴随状语,原则上用现在分词;
(3)用作结果状语,原则上用现在分词或不定式;
(4含有被动意义,原则上用过去分词。
3.判断是主动形式还是被动形式
抓住非谓语动词的逻辑主语,然后把这个逻辑主语和动词比较,如果是主动的,用不定式或现在分词,如果是被动的,用过去分词。
(1)“看时间和动作”辨析动名词和不定式作宾语
(2)动词不定式作宾语的时候,谓语动作的时间一般在宾语动作的时间之前;不定式作宾语,突出动作的一次性。例如:He forgot to take it. 他忘了拿它。(forgot发生在take之前)
(3)动名词作宾语的时候,宾语动作的时间和谓语动作的时间是同步的。动名词还突出动作的经常性。例如:He has stopped writing. 他已经不写作了。(stopped和writing是同时结束的)
1.“一感一听三看两让”变被动语态时,动词不定式符号to要还原:feel/hear/
see/watch/notice/have/make sb.do sth.→be felt/heard/seen/watched/noticed/had/made to do sth.
2.remember/forget/regret to do sth.记得/忘记/后悔去做某事
remember/forget/regret doing sth.记得/忘记/后悔做了某事
3.stop to do sth.停下来去做某事
stop doing sth.停止做某事
4.see/hear sb.doing sth.看见/听见某人正在做某事
see/hear sb.do sth.看见/听见某人做了某事或常做某事
5.常考的省略了to的动词不定式的句型:
Why not do sth.?/Could(Would) you please (not) do sth.?/had better (not) do sth./would rather do...than do
6.固定搭配:the first/last/next/only/second to do sth.
He is the only person to know the truth.
She is the first person to learn computer programming.
7.there be+主语+to do sth.
There is nothing to worry about.
8.后跟doing 的常考短语:
have difficulty/trouble/problems doing
feel like doing=would like to do
spend time (in) doing be busy doing
prefer doing to doing be used to doing
look forward to doing devote to doing
make a contribution to doing
【真题演练】
1.(2023·辽宁大连)老师经常告诉我们不要嘲笑别人,这样很粗鲁。
The teacher often tells us not to It’s rude.
2.(2023·江苏常州)迈克已经承诺会为同学们发书。
Mike to his classmates.
3.(2023·江苏常州)这幅画有着永恒的价值,因此它值得保存。
The painting .
4.(2023·湖北十堰)做完试卷后,请仔细检查你的试卷以避免犯错。
Please check your paper carefully to after finishing it.
5.(2023·新疆)使用公筷夹菜是一种良好的餐桌礼仪。
It is good mann