内容正文:
8B Unit 1
Grammar
概念:现在完成时表示某个动作发生在过去,但与现在仍有联系,这个动作或状态可能已经结束,但有可能还要继续下去。
构成: 助动词have (has) +过去分词。
(注:has 用于第三人称单数,have 用于其他所有人称;过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化)
(1)过去分词的变化规则:与动词过去式规则相同。
① 一般直接在词尾加上ed。look — looked
② 以e结尾的动词,直接加d。move — moved
③ 以y结尾,y前面是辅音字母的动词,变y为i,再加ed。carry — carried
④ 部分动词需双写尾字母,加ed。stop — stopped
(2)过去分词的不规则变化
三、现在完成时的三个基本句型
肯定句 S+have/ has 过去分词+...
一般疑问句 Have/Has+S+ 过去分词+... ?
回答 Yes , 人称代词+have/has.No,人称代词 +haven’t/hasn’t.
否定句 S+have/ has+not+ 过去分词+...
四、用法:现在完成时既涉及过去,又联系现在。
用法1:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
常与just(刚刚),already(已经),never(从来没有),ever(曾经),before(以前),
yet(仍然),once(一次),twice(两次),many times(很多次),how many times(多少
次),so far(迄今为止),during the past(last)three years(最近三年来)等连用。
※ 副词的位置:
① just常用于肯定句中,放在have / has后,He has just come .
② never表示否定, 放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.
③ ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has+主语+ever +过去分词?“…曾经……过吗?”用于询问某人过去的经历。Have you ever been to the town?
④ before用于句末,The lady has never heard of that before.
⑤ yet 用于句末或not 之后. Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.
⑥ already用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末.We have already finished it.
⑦ so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon.
用法2:表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有:
① for+表示一段时间的词语 I have learned English for 2 years.
② since+表示过去时间点的词语 The engineer has been at this company since 2000.
③ since+表示过去的时间状语从句 Mr Chen has lived here since he was born.
④ since+一段时间+ago. I have known Jack since 2 years ago.
用法3:表示到现在为止多次发生的动作,常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。
I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京两次。
巩固练习
一、时态填空
1.I____________ already ____________ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2. ____________ he ____________ (finish) his work today? Not yet.
3. My father ____________ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
4. Where’s Li Ming? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
5. I __________ (work) here since I ____________ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far, I _______________(make) quite a few friends her