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四 确定恰当的并列连词和从句引导词
(一)若空的前后是两个词性相同的词或短语,设空处一定是填并列连词(and,but,or等)。
[例1] (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ________ to see the pandas settle into their new home.
[思维路径] 分析句子结构可知,to watch...和to see...是并列的不定式短语,表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。
[例2] (2023·浙江1月卷)During China's dynastic period,emperors planned the city of Beijing ________arranged the residential areas according to social classes.
[思维路径] 分析句子结构可知,planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词,应用连词and连接。故填and。
[例3] (2021·全国甲卷)My bike was old and shaky ________did the job.
[思维路径] 分析句子结构可知,“was old and shaky”和“did the job”存在转折关系,故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
[例4] (2023·南昌十中模拟)Visitors can make reservations online in advance ________book on the spot.
[思维路径] “make reservations online”和“book on the spot”是两个动词短语,存在选择关系。故填or。
(二)若空的前后是两个完整的句子,且之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,设空处很可能是填并列连词(and,but/yet,so,or,while等)。此时需要判断两个句子之间的逻辑关系(并列、转折、因果、选择、对比等)。
[例1] (2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast(反差) that shouldn't work,________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
[思维路径] 分析句子结构可知,设空处的前后分句之间是转折关系。故填but/yet。
[例2] (2023·厦门市模拟)Nanshan Mountain in Urumqi is extraordinarily beautiful ________it has several popular pistes(滑雪道),attracting crowds of tourists across the country every year.
[思维路径] 分析句子结构可知,空前后的句子是并列关系。故填and。
[例3] (2023·昆明市综合测试)There was no sign of rain,and the store was just around the corner,________we went there without an umbrella.
[思维路径] 分析句子结构可知,空前后的句子是因果关系。故填so。
[例4] (2023·成都第七中学冲刺模拟)Northern and southern wombats(袋熊) have furry noses,________ common wombats have bare skin on noses.
[思维路径] 分析句子结构可知,空前后的句子是对比关系。故填while。
(三)若空的前后是两个句子,之间没有连词,或只有逗号分隔,且空后的句子句意或结构不完整,设空处一定是填定语从句的引导词。
[例1] (2023·全国甲卷)Yet,the form of the fable still has values today,________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
[思维路径] 分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作says的宾语。设空处表示“正如……”。故填as。
[例2] (2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America ________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful coexistence with its surroundi