05 板块1 专题1 解题技巧探究 3 主旨大意-【提分教练】2024年高考英语二轮总复习讲义（老高考）

三　主旨大意 主旨大意题考查的是考生把握全文或段落主题和理解中心思想的能力；是对文章内容的深层次理解；通常以确定文章标题、概括全文主题和段落大意等形式出现。 1．涵盖性强：覆盖全文或全段。 2．范围恰当：既不太大，也不太小。 3．精确性强：不会改变语言表意的程度及感情色彩。 1．以偏概全：选项内容原文中有提及，但只是细枝末节，不能代表全文的整体意思，犯了以局部代替全部，用片面的观点看待整体问题的错误。 2．断章取义：孤立地选取原文中的一句或几句话的意思，而不顾全篇文章的主旨或中心思想，引用与原意不符或歪曲了原文所表达的意思。 3．主题扩大：选项所述内容或对原文内容进行过度归纳、概括，或对事情发生的范围过分扩大，超出了文章实际所表述的内容。 4．张冠李戴：选项所述内容弄错了事实和对象，把此人的事情或观点错加到彼人身上，或把此事物的特性错加到彼事物上。 5．无中生有：所述内容或是凭空捏造的信息，或是生活常识，或是普遍接受的真理，但都脱离了原文，在文中找不到支持的依据。 6．因果倒置：凡事有因才有果，有果必有因。选项混淆了事物间的因果关系，或将某一结果产生的原因作为结果，或将结果作为原因。 (一)确定文章标题 标题是文章的题目。它不是主题，但限定主题的范围，可表达主题，是对主题的提炼和浓缩。标题的表现形式多为短语，尤其是名词短语。 特别注意：一个好的标题通常具有概括性、针对性和醒目性三大特点。 [解题技巧] 1．所选文章标题能概括全文的中心内容，既不太大，又不太小。 2．一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题，进而确定标题。 [典例]　(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读B)Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids．And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low­income schools．The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles． Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores．“The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says．“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful．” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new． Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands­on experiments such as soil testing, flower­and­seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden．Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools． Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes．“We have students who say they went home and talke