04 板块1 专题1 解题技巧探究 2 推理判断-【提分教练】2024年高考英语二轮总复习讲义（老高考）

二　推理判断 推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析、挖掘、逻辑推理等，揭示出其深层含义。推理判断题可分为四个方面：隐含信息、言外之意；作者的观点、情感态度；作者的写作意图/目的；文章出处、读者对象等。 1．有据推理：依据原文提供的已知信息，如事实、论点、例证等做出合乎逻辑或情理的判断，有效推导出未知的信息。 2．同义转换：采用改变句子结构或替换原文关键词的方法，表达与原文相同或相似的意义。 1．主观臆断：没有基于原文提供的信息进行推断，而是根据常识或经验进行推断。 2．过犹不及：选项所述内容或对原文内容进行过度推理、概括，或对事情发生的范围过分扩大或缩小，或对某现象绝对肯定或否定。 3．断章取义：孤立地提取原文中的一句或几句话的意思作为推理判断的依据，而不是建立于对原文整体理解的基础上。 4．因果倒置：选项混淆了事物间的因果关系，或将某一结果产生的原因作为结果，或将结果作为原因。 5．答非所问：选取原文中出现的原话设置成选项，但原话却不能回答题干所提出的问题。 (一)推断隐含信息 通过归纳、演绎、类比等方式从已知信息中推出未知信息，由已言之意，推未言之意。 [解题技巧] 1．抓住某一段中的关键信息进行逆向或正向推理。 2．整合全文(段)中与题目相关的信息进行推断。 3．以文中事实为依据，不能凭空想象。 [典例]　(2023·全国乙卷·阅读B)One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy­looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 26．What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake? A．They went crazy with the purple quartz rock. B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset. C．They reached the shooting spot later than expected. D．They had problems with their equipment. [解题指导]　考查隐含信息、言外之意。根据本段中的“We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.”可知，因为距离日落还有一段时间，所以作者和朋友决定爬到更高的位置，但结果差点儿就完全错过了日落，由此可推之，他们到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。 (二)推断观点看法、情感态度 通过对事件、景物、话语的深入分析推出作者含蓄、隐晦地表达出的观点或看法，体会作者在字里行间中流露出的情感态度。 [解题技巧] 1．抓住文中的褒贬性词汇或语句，尤其是