内容正文:
粤人版 小学六年级下册 情态动词专项
1. 情态动词的定义:
情态动词有词义,但它不能单独作谓语,它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化;它的后面必须跟动词原形。
1. 情态动词的种类:
情态动词有can (could), may, must, have to, shall (should), will (would), need等,这些是小学阶段需掌握的情态动词。
1. 情态动词的用法:
· can, (could 过去式)
1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。
Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)
Mary can speak three languages.(知识)
Can you skate?(技能)
2) 表示请求和允许。
Can I go now?
Could \Can you help me? ---- Yes, of course.\Certainly.\ Sure.
Could \Can you tell me the way to the Zoo?
3) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true?
This can’t be done by him.
How can this be true?
· may
1) 表示请求和允许。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。
---- May I smoke in this room?
---- No, you mustn’t.
---- May I take this book out of the room?
---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t)
用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。
2)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。
1.He may be very busy now.
2.Your mother may not know the truth.
3)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
· must, have to
1) must表示必须、必要, 带有命令强制口气;而have to表示不得不,很勉强,强调客观需要。
You must come in time.
We must help each other.
My sister is ill; my mother has to look after her.
I had to work when I was your age.
注意:must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止,意思是“不能,不许”。 在回答由must引起的疑问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必要)。
---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?
---- Yes, you must.
---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2) must表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句),意思为“一定是,必然……”。
1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
2. Your mother must be waiting for you now.
· shall,
1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。
What shall we do this evening?
2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)
2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)
3. He shall be punished.(威胁)
· should和shouldn’t表示 应该 劝告、建议。
I should help her because she is in trouble.
You should go to class right away.
She shouldn’t play computer games too much.
· wil