2024年中考英语二轮复习 被动语态讲义

被动语态 考点一：被动语态的基本结构和用法 一．被动语态的基本结构 被动语态的基本结构：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词 二．被动语态的用法 在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况： 1. 不知道动作的执行者时。 This watch is made in China. 2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者时。 More trees must be planted every year. 3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 考点二：主动语态和被动语态的转换 一． “主语+谓语+宾语”句型变为被动语态 1. 先将主动句里的宾语变成被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格。 然后把主动句中的主语变成被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引出。 最后将主动句中的谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者 被动语态:动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+ by+动作执行者 We asked him to sing an English song. →He was asked to sing an English song by us. 二．“主语+谓语+双宾语”（sb. Sth.）句型变为被动语态 通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物“的直接宾语保留不变；如果把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，则在间接宾语前加to或for。〖在间接宾语前加“to”，这类动词有：give, offer, lend, pass, promise, tell等；在间接宾语前加“for”，这类动词有：buy, cook, get, make等〗 She gave me a book. →I was given a book by her.（间接宾语改为主语） →A book was given to me by her.（直接宾语改为主语） 注意：并非所有的间接宾语都可作为被动句的主语 She wrote Miss Green a letter. →A letter was written to Miss Green by her.（√） →Miss Green was written a letter by her.（×） 三．“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”句型变为被动语态 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语。宾语补足语保留在原处，成为宾语补足语。 We saw him out. →He was seen out. She has kept us waiting for an hour. →We have been kept waiting for an hour. I heard Jane playing the piano in her room. →Jane was heard playing the piano in her room. 四．短语动词变为被动语态 许多由不及物动词和介词、副词等构成的短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。但是，短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。 They put off the meeting because of the weather. →The meeting was put off because of weather. 五．主动语态中后加省略to的不定式的“四看”（look，watch，see，notice）“三让”（let，make，have）“二听”（listen to，hear）“一感觉”（feel），变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。 如：I saw a heavy man enter the house. →A heavy man was seen to enter the house by me. He makes the girl stay at home . →The girl is made to stay at home by him. 练习一：将下列句子变成被动语态。 1.We clean the classroom after school every day. ________________________________________________ 2. Can you make this watch work? ________________________________________________ 3.He passed me a book just now. ①___