2024年中考英语复习名词专题讲解

第一讲 名 词 知识梳理 一、名词的种类 专有名词 普通名词 国名、地名、人名、月份、节日、团体、机构名称 可数名词 不可数名词 个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词 China,Mary, Jim, America, book, student, teacher, pen family, class, team, group success,health, beauty,education rain, rice, snow, corn,water, milk 二、名词的数 1. 规则的名词复数形式: 2. 不规则的名词复数形式: 3. 不可数名词及量的表达、修饰可数名词的词 初中阶段学过的不可数名词 Water, tea, milk, orange, ink, rain, snow, weather, juice, fruit, coffee, food, salt, rice, meat, bread, cotton, homework, housework, money, knowledge, news, information, chalk, progress, traffic, oil, air 用a piece of 这类定语+名词 A piece of paper, a glass of water, a cup of tea, a bag of rice, two kilos of pears much, little, a little, a bit of 等修饰不可数名词 The rich man has a lot of money. There is some milk in the bottle. There is less and less water on the earth. many, several, few, a few, a couple of , a number of , hundreds of, thousands of ,millions of 等修饰可数名词 He made fewer and fewer mistakes. There are a number of students living in the village. A lot of , lots of , plenty of, enough, some any 即可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词 I have a lot of stamps. We don’t have enough time. 三、名词所有格 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。 1.’s 所有格的构成 Eg:the boy’s father Jack’s book the teachers’ room the twins’ mother the doctor’s my uncle’s (表示“某人家”,“店铺”,所有格后名词省略) 【注意】分别拥有和共同所有: Eg:Lily’s and Lucy’s rooms(莉莉和露西分别拥有一间房) Lily and Lucy’s room(莉莉和露西共同拥有一间房) 2 .’s 所有格的用法 (1)表示时间 eg:today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday (2) 表示国家城市等地方的名词 eg:the country’s plan, the world’s population (3) 表示度量衡及价值 eg: a mile’s journey, ten minutes’ walk 3. of 所有格的用法: 用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover o]f the book 用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the book of the students sitting near the window 4. 双重所有格: a friend of my father ' s, several classmates of Tom ' s, a friend of mine 四、名词词义辨析 根据语境选择词义恰当的名词 ( - 102 - ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 (1) family, home 与 house (2) job, work (3) problem, question (4) room, place (5) message, news, information (6) voice, sound , noise 中考热点 1. 考查名词单复数的变化规律 ( B )- Wha