定语从句讲解2023-2024学年牛津译林版九年级英语上册

定语从句 1、 定语从句的定义及其结构 1.定义:在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 例如：The girl who is standing there is Mary. 2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的词。 3.类系词:引导定语从句的词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。 应该注意的是: a.定语从句一般位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词来引导。 b.关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任某一成分。 2、 关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在定语从句中做主语，例如 That's the teacher who teaches us Chinese. 2.whom 指人，在从句中做宾语，口语中who可以代替whom，在限制性定语从句中也可以被省去，但作介词宾语时只能用whom，例如: Do you know the worker (whom) we met at the school gate? 3.whose指人，也可以指物，在从中做定语，例如: The professor whose wife teaches you English has been to China. The house whose windows were damaged has now been repaired. 4.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，which充当宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可以被省去，例如: Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday. The book which is on the desk is a dictionary. 在作非限制性定语从句中，which的先行词有时不是一个单词，而是前面整个主句所表达的概念，例如: The foreign teacher helped us with spoken English, which was very kind of her. 5.that 多指物，也可指人，在从句中做主语或宾语。指物时，其用法和 which 大致相同。 This is the power station that (which) we built last year. Who is the person that is playing the piano? 3、 关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 We’ll never forget the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，例如: This is the place where I was born. 3.why 指原因。在定语从句中作原因状语。例如: All of us are quite curious about the reason why he did not turn up at yesterday’s party. 4、 关系代词前带介词的定语从句 1.关系代词 whom ,which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，介词可放在whom，which之前，也可以放在句中原来的位置上，例如: Is he the man (whom) you spoke to yesterday? 该句的介词 to 放在原来的位置上，whom 可以省略 Is he the man to whom you spoke yesterday? 该句的介词 to 也可以放在 whom之前，whom 不可以省略。 在含有介词的动词短语中，动词和介词属于固定搭配，一般不可以分开，例如 This is the answer which we are looking for. 注意:关系代词that 不可以放在介词之后。 2.关系副词 when where 和关系代词 whose 有时可以用“介+which”来代替，例如 We’ll never forget the day when /on which the People's Republic of China was founded. This is the place where /in which I was born. The book whose cover has come off is mine. = The book, the cover of which has come off, is mine. 5、 由关系代as引的定语从句 as 可作为关系代词来引导定语从句，例如: He is from Beijing, as you know. 在这里，as 引导的非限制性定语