专题7.解题技巧（阅读回答问题）（长沙专用）-冲刺2024届中考英语词汇、考点汇总与解题技巧（湖南中考专用）

解题技巧--阅读回答问题 命题规律与趋势 阅读表达所提的问题中,一般疑问句的提问方式频率很低,有时完全删掉,“wh-疑问词”开头的特殊疑问句越来越多,意味着对文章理解要求越来越高。复习备考中,考生要切实提高阅读理解能力和表达能力。平时练习中要通过精读完全理解文章。 一、细节理解题 细节理解题是原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。这类题在原文中可直接找到答案,常用一般疑问句、选择疑问句以及由who, what, where, when, why和how等引导的特殊疑问句来提问。这类题型的提问方式常为: Do your eyes need everyday attention? When/Where did the story happen? Who put rubbish into different bags? 凡是针对特定事实细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到相应的文字作为验证。回答此类问题一般采取寻读法,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再进行分析对比,找出答案。 例原文:On the first day of school, our professor introduced a little old lady to us. 问题:Who did the professor introduce on the first day of school? 思路:通过审题后寻读,考生应回答:A little old lady. 二、主旨大意题 此类问题主要考查学生概括文章主旨或段落大意的能力,其主要目的是培养学生归纳主要信息的能力。现在初中学生阅读时的普遍问题是文章大意基本能看懂,但缺乏归纳主题和写作目的的能力,而这恰恰是阅读教学的主要目的。 主旨大意题的提问方式通常是: What is the main idea of the passage? What is the passage mainly about? What is the purpose of the writer’s writing the passage? What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? What does the writer want to tell us? 由于文章的主旨大意通常会出现在首尾段或段落的首尾句,所以回答此类型题一般采用略读法。略读时要特别注意短文的首段、首句或末句,一般文章的主旨大意就在这里。抓住每段中的关键词语,便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布,在答题时就心中有数了。 ★有些文章主旨大意清晰明了,考生只需从原文中提取信息即可。 例原文:Each educational system has its own advantages. For example, the Japanese students learn more math and science than American students by the end of high school. The advantage of the educational system in America is that students learn to think by themselves. The teaching method makes them more creative. 问题:What does the writer want to tell us? 思路:通过略读寻找关键句,考生应回答:Each educational system has its own advantages. ★有些文章除了需要把握首尾段或段落首尾关键句之外,考生还要把握全文结构,分清段落层次,从而归纳出主旨大意。 例 原文:首段末句:But what about blue food? 第二段末句:Children still preferred the sweets that were the usual colors of red, green, brown, yellow and orange. 第三段末句:This is perhaps why we don’t usually use blue food coloring for drinks, cakes and other food. 第四段首句:Some people say we eat with our eyes. 尾段:So will we ever see blue foods on our plates? The answer seems to be “no”, at least in countr