期中考语法讲义广东省广州市2023-2024学年沪教牛津版（广州沈阳通用）八年级英语下册

八年级下期中考解决方案 ——语法篇 动词不定式 动名词 被动语态 ( 本课内容 ) 内容 基本要求 八上期中语法复习 1. 要求掌握动词不定式的用法; 2. 要求掌握动名词的用法; 3.要求掌握被动语态的用法。 ( 动词不定式 ) 知识要点 一、 不定式:to + 动词原形 动词不定式的基本形式是"to + 动词原形"。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如:to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语: (1)作_ She wanted to borrowed my radio. They began to read and write. 后加to do 的动词: choose, hope/wish/expect, want/would like, offer, decide, learn refuse, promise (2)作_ She went to see her grandma last Sunday. He came to give us a talk yesterday. (3)作_ Lucy asked him to turn off the radio. She asked me to speak more loudly Jim told Ling Feng to go home at once . The father made his son study hard. 常考点: _ 叫/让某人做某事 _ 叫/让某人不要做某事 _ 建议某人做某事 _ 建议某人不要做某事 (4)作_ Have you got anything to say? I had something to eat this morning . (5)作_ To learn a foreign language is not easy. 注:作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代,动词不定式(或短语)放在后面。 例如: It is not easy to learn a foreign language. It took us three days to do the work. 二、动词不定式的否定形式由"not+动词不定式"构成。 如: Tell him not to be late. The policeman told the boys not to play in the street. 三、不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词_,_,_,_, _,_ 和使役动词_,_,_ 等所接的宾语中(不定式做宾语不足语),不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。 如: Let me listen to you sing the song. He watched his son play computer games. I saw him run away.-He was seen to run away. The boss make the workers work the whole night.-The workers were made to work the whole night. 四、 动词不定式和疑问词连用 动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用,构成不定式短语。 如:The question is when to start. I don't know where to go . He showed me how to use a computer. What to do is a big problem. ( 随堂练习 ) 1. Last summer I took a course on _. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made 2. -Where did he go? -He went to another store _. A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils 3. -Do you make someone _ your clothes? -Yes, I have already _ them myself. A. wash;