定语从句讲解课件 2024届高考英译一轮复习

定语从句 五大基本句型: 1 、主+谓/ 2 、主+谓+宾 3 、主+系+表 4 、主+谓+宾 1+宾 2 5 、主+谓+宾+补 定义从句概念及结构 1 、概念:在句中修饰名词、代词等起形容词作用的从句叫定语从句。 Tom is a student.He is in Class Two. 分类: 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1 、限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用。 He has two sons who work in the same company. 2 、非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用。在非限制性定语从句中,先行词与定语从 句往往由逗号隔开。He has two sons, who work in the same company. 3 、非限制性定语从句不仅可以指代先行词,还可以指代前面所说的一句话,译为“这件事”。 He passed the exam,which made his mum happy. 定语从句的关系词: 定语从句的关系词根据所起作用分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三种作用:连接主 从句;替代先行词;在从句中作成分。 考点 关系词 先行词 在从句中的作用 关系代词 who 人 主语、宾语、表语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语、表语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 关系代词的高频考点: 1 、只用 that 而不用 which 的情况: (1) 人和物共同作先行词时 例:Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? (2) 先行词为 all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,one 等不定代词时 例:You should hand in all that you have. (3) 先行词被 the only,the very,the same,any,few,little,no,all 等词修饰时 例:This is the very bus that I’m waiting for. (4) 先行词前有最高级修饰时 This is the best way that has been used against pollution. (5) 先行词前有序数词修饰或是先行词为序数词时 例:This train is the last that will go to Tianjin. What is the first movie that you have seen? (6) 主句的主语是疑问词 who 或 which 时 例:Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 2 、只用 which 而不用 that 的情况: (1) 在非限制性定语从句中 例:He gave me a gift,which made me very happy. (2) 介词提到关系词前时 例:This is the house in which he once lived. (二) who 与 whom 的区别 (三) whose 与 of which/whom 的用法 M r. King, legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital. M r. King, the legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital. There are 20 students in the room, 10_are girls. He wrote many novels, none translated into English. (四) as 的用法 1 、只用 as 不用 which 的情况 (1) 定语从句位于主句前面时,只用 as 不用 which As you see,the Chinese people are very hard-working.你知道,中国人民是勤劳的。 (2) 先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时,通常只用 as 不用 which.从句谓语动词通常为 be known ,be said, be announced, be mentioned,如果主句行为动词为主动语态,一般用 which 作主语。 例:She has been absent again, as is exp