2024年人教版中考英语二轮复习语法专项：动词的被动语态课件

2024中考英语二轮复习 语法专项 动词的被动语态 动词的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。 被动语态的基本结构: “助动词be + 动词的过去分词(be + done)”。 在不同的时态中,助动词be有不同的形式。 被动语态的构成 类别 被动语态 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + done The classroom is cleaned by us. 一般过去时 was/were + done The kite was made by him. 一般将来时 will/shall + be done (am/is/are) going to + be done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 现在完成时 have/has + been done Wild animals have been protected by laws these years. 情态动词 情态动词 + be done 情态动词 + have / has + been + done Your homework must be finished today. Your homework must have been finished today. 1. 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 被动语态的用法 e.g. Many trees must be planted every year. 每年必须种许多树。 2. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者,而不是强调动作的执行者。 e.g. Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人说汉语。 3. 动作的执行者是物。 e.g. Many houses were washed away in the flood. 许多房子被洪水冲走了。 1. 主动语态变被动语态 ①把主动句中的宾语成分变为被动句的主语成分,若宾语是人称代词,应把宾格变为主格。 ② 把主动句中的谓语动词变为“be + 动词的过去分词”,但时态不能改变。 主动语态和被动语态的转换 5 ③ 把主动句的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略),若主语是人称代词,应把主格变为宾格。 e.g. We asked him to sing an English song. He was asked to sing an English song by us. 2. 带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 ① 谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语(人)转化成主语,也可将直接宾语(物)转化成主语。 ② 若将间接宾语(人)转化成主语,则保留直接宾语; 若将直接宾语(物)转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。 e.g. He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. [将间接宾语(人)改为主语] A book was given to me by him. [将直接宾语(物)改为 主语] 3. 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语,变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。 e.g. I saw some boys playing football in the playground. Some boys were seen playing football in the playground by me. 4. 感官动词和使役动词变被动语态 主动句中的感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等和使役动词let, make, have等后跟省略to的不定式,变成被动语态时,应加上不定式符号to。 e.g. We often hear the girl sing in her room. (主动: hear sb. + do sth.) The girl is often heard to sing in her room by us. (被动: sb. + be heard to + do sth.) 5. 动词短语变被动语态 动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。 e.g. We should take good care of the children. The children should be taken good care of by us. (of不可省略) It is said that ... (据说……) It is believed that ... (据信……) It is reporte