2024年中考英语语法-动词不定式课件

初中英语语法 动 词 不 定 式 不定式：to + 动词原形 动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”，有时可以不带 to。 动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如： to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语： 注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为 it 替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如： It is not easy to learn a foreign language. It took us three days to do the work. 动词不定式的否定形式由“not+动词不定式”构成. 如: Tell him not to be late. The policeman told the boys not to play in the street. 不定式省去 to 的情况: 在感官动词 see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel 和使役动词 make，have，let 等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去 to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如： Let me listen to you sing the song. He watched his son play computer games. I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away. 动词不定式和疑问词连用 动词不定式可以和疑问词 what ,which, how, where, when 等连用，构成不定式短语。如： The question is when to start. I don’t know where to go . He showed me how to use a computer. What to do is a big problem. 注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。 不定式主语 1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了 easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly,selfish(自私的) 例句: It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。 It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 注意： 1) 其他系动词如，look，appear 等也可用于此句型 2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。 3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用 It is… to…的句型 (对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 (错)It is to believe to see. It's for sb.和 It's of sb. 1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如 easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible 等： It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2）of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish,