高考英语真题阅读理解 主旨大意题 讲义

题型微解4：主旨大意题 主旨大意题考查学生对文章内容的深层次理解、概括能力，一般分为：段落大意题、标题归纳题、文章大意题。 (1)段落大意题 段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对某个段落基本内容的简缩和概括。 (2023·全国乙卷) If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about. C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable. 【解题流程】 (1)找出题干中关键信息提示词：What和the first paragraph。 (2)根据文章选段可知，如果你想讲述不偏袒人类历史上任何一方的一段世界历史，你就不能仅依靠文字。文字是人类的后期成果之一，直到最近甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还用实物来记载他们重要的事情。所以此段是说过去的历史事件应结合文字和实物来呈现，故A项正确。 　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. 1. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The de