2024年中考英语语法-动词的语态课件

初中英语语法 动 词 的 语 态 语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，例如： Many people speak English . (主动语态) English is spoken by many people. (被动语态) 1）若宾语补足语是不带 to 的不定式，变为被动语态 时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词。 feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch The teacher made me go out of the classroom. --> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). We saw him play football on the playground. --> He was seen to play football on the playground. 2）情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。 Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry 1、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词 be +及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与 be 作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下： 肯 定 句： 主语+ be+ 过去分词 +（by…） eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss). 否 定 句：主语+ be not +过去分词 +（by…） eg. I am not invited to the party (by him). 一般疑问句：Be + 主语+过去分词+ （by…）？ eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be+主语 +过去分词+ （by…）？ eg. What is this sweater made of? 现以动词 give 为例，其被动语态的各种时态如下： 2、被动语态的用法： 1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 例如： This jacket is made of cotton. English is spoken in many countries in the world. 2）强调动作的承受者时。如： The boy was saved at last. 这个男孩最后得救了。 3）主动语态变被动语态的步骤: 主动句: The boy broke the window yesterday. 被动句: The window was broken by the boy yesterday. 步骤一：原句中的宾语 the window 变成主语。 步骤二：谓语动词 broke 改为被动形式：was broken 步骤三：原句中的主语 The boy 放在介词 by 的后面。 步骤四：其他成分如：yesterday 不变。 4) 有两个宾语的句子的被动语态： A. 可有两种被动语态的常用动词有：buy，give，leave，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等。 1. He gave me the book just now. The book was given to me( by him) just now. = I was given the book (by him) just now. 2. They show the guard their passports at the entrance to the building. The passports were shown to the guard by them at the entrance to the building. = The guard was shown the passports by them at the entrance to the building. B. 通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有: bring，do，make，pass，sell，send，sing，write，等。 1. He wrote her a le