专题一 第一讲 怎样“快”读文——把握“结构”知大意，“选择性”阅读省时力（Word教参）-【创新方案】2024年高考英语二轮复习专题辅导与测试（老教材）

专题一/阅读理解 先检索·再加工 解答阅读理解题的最基本原则——忠于原文。其蕴含的解题规律是：读文时，要透彻理解文意，充分从文中获取信息，这就是信息检索的过程；做题时，要依据题目设问并结合选项，对所检索出来的信息进行整理、分析，这是对信息进行思维加工的过程。通过“检索”找到答题根源，通过“加工”判定正确选项。　 第一讲怎样“快”读文——把握“结构”知大意，“选择性”阅读省时力 考场上的阅读，不是逐词逐句的品读，而是扫读与精读相结合，有侧重点地“选择读”。怎样把控好“选择读”的尺度，何处该扫读，何处该精读，这就关乎一个行文结构的问题，掌握了文章的常见行文结构，就能驾轻就熟地运用“选择读”。常见的语篇结构大致可分为以下五种类型：故事叙述型、现象解释型、观点对比型、问题解决型和结论解释型。下面主要介绍这五种语篇类型的结构与布局的一般规律。 类型(一)　故事叙述型(常见文体：记叙文、夹叙夹议文) 模式1　顺叙 开头(交代事件发生的时间、地点、人物等)——展开(以时间顺序、空间变换为行文线索)——结尾(依照事件的发生、发展和结局顺序来结尾/对事件进行分析或评价〈选择性〉) 模式2　倒叙 开头(把事件的结局或事件中最突出的片段提到文章的开头来叙述)——展开(以人物活动的时间顺序、空间变换为行文线索)——结尾(对事件进行分析或评价〈选择性〉) [典例]　(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·B篇) [1]When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. [2]After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer­causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco­machine. [3]The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. [4]He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco­machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left