专题一 第四讲 怎样“准”解题(2)——推理判断题(于文有据不妄断)（Word教参）-【创新方案】2024年高考英语二轮复习专题辅导与测试（老教材）

第四讲　怎样“准”解题(2)——推理判断题(于文有据不妄断) 　　推理判断题属于深层次理解类试题，主要考查考生在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，进行推理、判断的能力。 推理判断题常见的设题角度有推断隐含意义、观点态度、写作意图以及文章出处或读者对象。此外，有时也可能考查人物性格、写作手法或篇章结构等。 正确 选项 特征 “立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。 正确选项中一般不包含表示绝对概念的词汇，如only, never, all, absolutely等，常使用一些表示“模糊”概念的词，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等。 干扰 选项 特征 主观臆断 没有基于原文进行推断，而是根据常识推断 过度推断 有时作者只是客观地叙述事实，并未做出评论，而一些选项却主观地进行推断。如提到一样东西贵，并不意味着就买不起 错误推断 某些细节看似在原文中出现过，但与原文不符，或断章取义，或因果倒置等 以细节 代替推断 只是原文简单的复述，而非推断出来的结论 一、推断隐含意义——不被表意遮慧眼 所谓推断隐含意义，就是要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出合乎情理的推理与判断，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。 (一)题型特点 1．常见设问方式 ·What can we learn about ...? ·What can be learned from the text? ·How does ...explain ...in paragraph ...? ·What does the author indicate by mentioning ...? ·What can be inferred about ...from ...? 2．常见标志词汇 题干中常含有infer (推断), indicate (象征，暗示), imply (暗示), suggest (表明), conclude (得出结论)，assume (假定，设想), learn from及know about等动词(短语)，或表示可能性的词汇probably, most likely或表示推测的情态动词can, could, might等。 (二)解题技法 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 [典例]　(2023·全国乙卷阅读D节选) Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example of this between literate and non­literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. 33．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2? A．His report was scientific. B．He represented the local people. C．He ruled over Botany Bay. D．His record was one­sided. [解题示范] 第一步　分析设题点 综合题