内容正文:
第三讲 怎样“准”解题(1)——细节理解题(据文比对定答案)
细节理解题常分为直接信息理解题和间接信息理解题。直接信息理解题较简单,一般在原文中可以直接找到答案。间接信息理解题相对要难些,因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换,两者存在表达上的差异。考生不能直接从原文中找出正确答案,而是要稍加归纳才能得出答案。
正确选项特征
同义
替换
指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose one's job换成be out of work。有些细节理解题会把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,如把important变换成of importance;改变原文中句子的语态,如主动语态与被动语态的转换
信息归纳
用精练的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息,并设为正确答案
正话反说
把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项
原文原词
原文原词出现在正确选项中
干扰选项特征
张冠李戴
是原文信息,但不是题目要求的内容
无中生有
符合常识,但不是文章的内容
曲解文意
与原文的内容极其相似,只是在某个细节处有些变动
颠倒是非
在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反
正误参半
部分正确,部分错误
题型一 直接信息理解题
[典例] (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读A节选)
Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone's park photographer for a handson program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
6/19-Waterfalls & Wide Angles:meet at Artist Point.
7/10-Wildflowers & White Balance:meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
23.Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop?
A.Artist Point.
B.Washburn Trailhead.
C.Canyon Village Store.
D.Visitor Education Center.
[解题示范]
第一步:文中寻找信息源
确定关键词
photography workshop; meet; the July 10
定位相关
信息
用photography workshop查读,定位原文最后一个护林员项目;再用meet查读,定位与关键词相关的句子——“7/10-Wildflowers & White Balance:meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.”
第二步:对照选项定答案
选项
选项
诊断
A
Artist Point.
张冠李戴
B
Washburn Trailhead.
信息重合
C
Canyon Village Store.
张冠李戴
D
Visitor Education Center.
张冠李戴
[分析] 比对选项和信息句可知,7月10日参加者要在Washburn Trailhead碰面。故选B。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
[例1] (2023·全国甲卷阅读B节选)
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day's work was rewarded with £5 in pocket money. She says:“I'm sure I wasn't much of a help to start with. But when Derek built our family house about eight years ago, I was heavily involved (参与), painting the rooms and putting down the floo