内容正文:
第三讲 突破重难语法(2)——并列复合句与主从复合句
一、并列复合句——关系分析法+句型法
[例1] They kept their collection at home until it got too big ________ until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
分析:句意:他们把自己的收藏品保存在家里,直到收藏变得太多或者自己去世,然后这些收藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知,设空处前后陈述的是两种可能性,故填or。
[例2] I work not because I have to, ________ because I want to.
分析:句意:我工作不是因为我不得不工作,而是因为我想工作。此处为not ...but ...结构,表示“不是……而是……”,故填but。
[例3] Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice.
分析:根据语境可知,前句提到“我7岁开始学功夫”,后句提到“很久没有练习了”,前后句应是转折关系,故将for改为but/yet。
[技巧点拨]
1.明晰填并列连词的标志
在语法填空题目中,若无提示词,设空前后是两个并列的主谓完整的句子、单词、短语等,而且相并列的成分之间是并列、转折、选择或因果关系时,应填并列连词。
2.两个技巧要熟用
技巧1:关系分析法
分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系,确定用哪个连词。
(1)表示并列或递进关系的有:and, both ...and ..., not only ...but (also) ...等。
(2)表示选择关系的有:or, either ...or ..., not ...but ...等。
(3)表示转折或对比关系的有:but, while等。
(4)表示因果关系的有:so, for等。
技巧2:句型法
(1)祈使句+and/or+陈述句,如表示顺承用and,表示转折用or。
(2)when用作并列连词的常用句型
①be doing sth.when ...
②be about to do sth. when ...
③had (just) done sth. when ...
④be on the point of doing sth. when ...
⑤Hardly/Scarcely ...when ...
二、定语从句——3步法确定关系词
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[例1] (2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ________welcomes the fastpaced development of modern life, with 21stcentury architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
分析:分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词为place,故填that/which。
[例2] (2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
分析:分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句缺少宾语,且先行词是前面的整个主句,此处表示“正如”,所以空处填as。
[例3] (2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America ________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful coexistence with its surroundings,” her fable begins ...
分析:分析句子结构可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是表示地点的名词,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
[例4] (2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
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