内容正文:
专题一
阅读理解
第四讲
主旨大意题
不被“浮云”遮眼
主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题:2.干扰选项特征
目,因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大
过于笼统,所给选项内容概括的范围过大,超出
意的能力,也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高
不知所云
全文或全段所述内容
的要求。此题型在文章中没有明显的解题依据,需
要考生从文章中抽取、提炼一些关键词、主题句进
所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容,
行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。所以,遇到
以偏概全,或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为
主旨大意题时切勿草率作答,一定要读完、读通文
主次不分
选项的设置内容,或以次要的事实或
章后再做判定,建议考生把此类题目放到最后来
细节充当全文的主要观点
做。此类题型可分为三大类,即标题归纳题、文章
所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于
移花接木,
大意题和段落大意题。其选项具有以下特点:
A的内容放在B上,若不留神,极易
偷换概念
1.正确选项特征
选错答案
涵盖性强,覆盖全文或全段
所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中提
无中生有,
确定的范围恰当,既不太大,也不太小
到了,但经过仔细阅读分析之后,发现
生搬硬套
精确性强,不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩
选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系
题型(一)
标题归纳题
高度概括
1.常见设问方式
Jaramillo,who with another teacher started Urban
Which of the following is the best title of the
Sprouts,a school garden program at four low-
passage?
income schools.The program aims to help
What would/could be the best title for the
students develop science skills.environmental
passage?
awareness,and healthy lifestyles.
Which of the following is a suitable title for the
Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods
text?
where fresh food and green space are not easy to
2.最佳标题的3大特点
find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery
概括性
准确而又简短
stores."The kids literally come to school with
针对性
标题外延正好与文章内容相符
bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,"
醒目性
能引发读者的阅读兴趣
she says."They come to us thinking vegetables
:
are awful,dirt is awful,insects are awful."
3.活用4大方法解题
Though some are initially scared of the insects
关键词法
多次出现的词语或观点是体现主旨的
and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try
关键词
something new.
主题句法依主题句定中心词
Urban Sprouts'classes,at two
middle
穿珠
从文章细节中找共同点,如同穿珠般,
schools and two high schools,include hands-on
串联法
中联细节共同点,确定标题
experiments such as soil testing,flower-and-seed
逆向
考虑四个选项的可能内容,对照原文,
dissection,tastings of fresh or dried produce,and
思维法
最相似者为最佳标题
work in the garden.Several times a year.
[例1](2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读B箱)
students cook the vegetables they grow,and they
Turning soil,pulling weeds,and harvesting
occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
cabbage sound like tough work for middle an