Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2023-2024学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 定语从句 [教材示例] 分析下列加黑部分并体会其语法特征 1．(教材原句)Some people say that the UK and the USA are two countries that are separated by a common language. 2．(教材原句)There were times when questions like “Would you mind passing me the jam，please？” would be met with the reply “Why would I mind？” 3．(教材原句)In response，the receiver sends an encoded message back，which is referred to as feedback. 4．(教材原句)Suppose you are discussing a project with your partner，who has just lost an important basketball game and is inactive. 学生用书↓第47页 5．(教材原句)I spent one term in the UK，where the greatest challenge was the indirect manner of speaking. [我的发现] 1．句1－2中，黑体词均引导限制性定语从句，其中that为关系代词，when为关系副词； 2．句3－5中；黑体词均引导非限制性定语从句，其中which和who为关系代词，where为关系副词。 一、引导定语从句的关系代词 1．引导定语从句的常用关系代词的用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 He is the policeman who/that lent me a hand yesterday. 他就是昨天帮助我的那个警察。 He is the man whom/who/that you are looking for. 他就是你正在找的那个人。 The bridge that/which is being built will be the longest in Asia. 正在修建的大桥将是亚洲最长的。 He lives in a big house whose window faces the sea. 他住在一座窗户朝向大海的大房子里。 Such people as have made a contribution to the world should be respected. 那些对世界做出贡献的人应受到尊重。 In the last exam，he made the same mistake as you made. 在上次考试中，他犯了一个与你相同的错误。 2．关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that 的情况 ①当先行词是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等不定代词时； ②当先行词被any，few，little，much，some，no等词修饰或被the only，the very，the same，the last等修饰时； ③当先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时； ④当先行词是序数词或先行词前有序数词对其进行修饰时； ⑤当先行词既指人又指物时； ⑥当主句是who或which等引出的特殊疑问句时。 只用which 的情况 ①在非限制性定语从句中用which不用that； ②介词后边用which不用that。 We should do everything that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。 This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now. 这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。 I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved. 我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有的钱。 二、引导定语从句的关系副词 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where