内容正文:
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
状语从句
[教材示例]
分析下列加黑部分并体会其语法特征
1.(教材原句)When he had walked about halfway around a certain block,the policeman suddenly slowed down.
2.(教材原句)But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive.
3.(教材原句)Although he spent many years in the UK,Huang’s heart never left his homeland.
4.(教材原句)Since he spent so much time on work,he was unable to see his family very often.
5.(教材原句)In fact,he worked so hard that he did not pay enough attention to his own health.
[我的发现]
句1-5中,黑体词连接的分别是时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句和结果状语从句。
一、时间状语从句
1.when,while与as引导的时间状语从句
(1)when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生,从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。
I loved history when I was at school.
我上学时喜欢历史。
(2)while引导的时间状语从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生,从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。
学生用书↓第13页
Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
别人工作时,请别高声谈话。
(3)as引导的时间状语从句的动作与主句动作交替进行或同时发生,可翻译为“随着;一边……一边……”。
The students sang as they walked.
学生们边走边唱。
2.before与since引导的时间状语从句
(1)before本意为“在……之前”,还可引申为“还未……就……;不到……就……;趁……;还没来得及……就……”。before引导时间状语从句的常用句型:
①It will be+一段时间+before...“过……(时间)才……”
It will be half a year before I come back.
我半年之后才回来。
②It won’t be long before...“不久……就……”
It won’t be long before we meet again.
用不了多久我们就会再见面。
③It was+时间段+before...“过了……(时间)才……”
It was three days before he came back.
三天后他才回来。
(2)since意为“自从……以来”,主句用完成时。since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词,常理解为某一状态的终止;若用延续性动词或状态动词,则理解为某一动作的开始。since引导时间状语从句的常用句型:It is/has been+一段时间+since...“自从……以来多久了”(从句用一般过去时)。
It’s two years since we arrived here.
我们到这儿两年了。
It’s three years since we lived here.
我们住在这里有三年了。
3.until与till引导的时间状语从句
(1)until与till引导时间状语从句的区别:
连词
位置
用法
until
可以放在句首
not...until可用于强调句型
till
不可放在句首
一般不用于强调句型
We walked along the river until/till it was dark.
我们沿着河散步,一直走到天黑。
It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.
教授来了之后,我们才开始实验。
(2)not until位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。
Not until he told me about it again did I have any idea of it.
直到他又告诉我一遍我才明白。
(3)until/till用于肯定句时,主句的谓语动词是延续性动词,用于否定句时,主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词。
They waited till/until I returned.
他们一直等着我回来。
He did