内容正文:
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
主语从句
[教材示例]
观察黑体部分并体会主语从句的用法
1.That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than groundbased telescopes,and it allows scientists to learn more about the universe.
2.Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved,but the signs are promising...
3.It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries.
4.How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination.
[我的发现]
1.当从句陈述一个事实时,我们可以使用 that 来引导一个主语从句。
2.当从句是一个表示是否的问题时,我们可以使用 whether 来引导一个主语从句。
3.当主语从句很长时,可用 it 作形式主语。
4.当从句是表示程度的问题时,我们可以使用 how_much 来引导一个主语从句。
一、主语从句的定义
在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。
What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very cold to her.
让我吃惊的是每个人似乎对她都很冷淡。
It worried the woman that her son was always playing computer games.
她的儿子一直在玩电脑游戏,这让这个女人很担心。
二、主语从句的连接词及其句法功能
引导词
例词
句法功能
从属
连词
that,whether/if
两者在从句中均不作成分,只起连接作用;that无实义,whether/if表示“是否”。
连接
代词
who,what,
which,whoever,
whatever等
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
连接
副词
when,why,where,how等
在从句中作时间、原因、地点、方式状语等成分
That he will win the medal seems unlikely.
他似乎不太可能获得奖牌。
Whether they would support us was still a problem.
他们是否会支持我们仍然是个问题。
What I say and what I think are no business of yours.
我说什么,想什么与你无关。
Who will present the meeting has not been decided yet.
由谁来主持会议还没有决定。
Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
这件事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。
Where I spend my summer is no business of yours.
我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。
[名师点津]
(1)whether/if引导主语从句时,也可以让it充当形式主语,真正的主语后置;在句首不能用if引导主语从句。
Whether the radiation will be controlled is still unknown.
=It is still unknown if/whether the radiation will be controlled.
辐射是否会得到控制还不知道。
(2)that引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在句子中不作任何成分,也无任何意义。有时为了平衡句子结构,用it充当形式主语,而将that从句置于后面。that引导主语从句时通常不能省略,尤其是位于句首时。
That they