UNIT 4 Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures-【金版新学案】2023-2024学年新教材高一英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures 动词不定式作定语和状语 教材示例 观察并体会下面加黑词汇的语法功能 1．(教材原句)．..people have always wanted to learn more about space，and scientists work hard to find answers. 2．(教材原句)They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe. 3．(教材原句)However，some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. 4．(教材原句)For example，America's NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977 to study deep space... 5．(教材原句)These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died. 6．(教材原句)China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003... 7．(教材原句)This signalled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future. 8．(教材原句)More recently，China has sent Chang'e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations. 我的发现 以上句中，加黑部分作状语的是： 句1，句2，句4和句8；作定语的是： 句3，句5，句6和句7。 一、动词不定式作定语 1．动词不定式作定语常表示将来的动作。 The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。 学生用书↓第111页 The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area. 明年将要完工的机场将有助于促进这一地区的旅游业。 2．动词不定式(短语)作定语一般情况下会置于所修饰词的后面，并且与被修饰的词之间构成一定的逻辑关系。 (1)主谓关系 被修饰词是动词不定式动作的发出者。此时被修饰词通常由only，very，next，last，序数词或者形容词的最高级修饰。 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. 中国成为首个将航天器降落到月球背面的国家。 (2)动宾关系 被修饰词是动词不定式动作的承受者。此时需要注意，如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后应接必要的介词。 The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve. 老师给我们留了许多问题要解决。 He can find no one to make friends with. 他找不到可以交朋友的人。 Mr Brown has something important to deal with at present. 目前布朗先生有重要的事情要处理。 动词不定式与所修饰词之间是动宾关系时，若句中有其逻辑主语或者是说话人做该动作时，用主动形式表示被动意义；若没有其逻辑主语或说话人不做该动作，则用被动形式。 I have a letter to write. 我有一封信要写。(“我”写) The old lady has a letter to be written. 老妇人有一封信要写。(让别人帮忙写)　　 (3)修饰关系 动词不定式对所修饰的词起到补充说明的作用。这些被修饰词一般为：ability，ambition，attempt，chance，courage，time，decision，effort，failure，offer