2024届高三英语二轮复习语法速记精练讲义

高中英语二轮复习核心语法速记精炼 高中英语语法基本框架图 名词 核心考点1：可数名词变复数 1. 规则变化 变化规则 例词 1 一般情况在词尾加-s experiment(实验)→experiments; human(人类)→humans (2021); crowd(人群)→crowds (2017); day→ days (2016); death→deaths(死亡数量); person→persons或people 2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es,注意th结尾直接加-s dish(碟子;饭菜)→dishes; branch(树枝)→ branches; box→boxes 3 以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf(叶子)→leaves; shelf(架子;书架→shelves 口诀助记：妻子(wife-wives)持刀(knife-knives)去宰狼(wolf-wolves)，小偷(thief-thieves)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelf-shelves)后保己(self-selves)命(life-lives)，半(half-halves)片树叶(leaf-leaves)遮目光 个别的加-s roof(房顶)→roofs; chief(首领;酋长)→chiefs; proof(证据)→proofs; chef(厨师)→chefs 4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es activity→activities (2021); study(研究）→studies; strategy(策略)→strategies; factory(工厂)→factories 5 以-o结尾的名词 一般加-s photo(照片)→photos; bamboo(竹子)→bamboos 少数加-es heroes→heroes；potato→potatoes 口诀助记：黑人(negroes)英雄(heroes)爱吃土豆(potatoes)西红柿(tomatoes)和芒果(mangoes) 2. 不规则变化 变化规则 例词 1 改变内部元音字母 foot→feet★; tooth→teeth★; goose(鹅)→geese; man→men★; policeman→policemen★ 2 单复数相同 sheep→sheep★; fish(活鱼)→fish★（鱼肉为不可数名词）; Chinese(中国人)→Chinese; means(方式)→means; series(系列)→series; species(物种) →species 3 无规则变化 child→children★; mouse→mice; ox(公牛)→oxen; medium(媒体)→media; bacterium→bacteria(细菌); phenomenon(现象)→phenomena 4 合成 名词 将主体名词变为复数 passer-by(路人)→passers-by; son-in-law(女婿) →sons--in-law 无主体名词将最后一部分变为复数 grown-up (成年人)→grown-ups 将两部分都变为复数 woman singer→women-singers 对点练习 1. Although Beethoven couldn’t hear the__________(instrument) being played, he could still hear the sound they made in his head. 2. There have been twelve__________(death)reported, and all cases are reported to have a history of cigarette smoking. 3. Making Chinese __________(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. 4. In Sichuan Province, the government is closing __________ (factory) down because there’s not enough energy. 5. Everyone is supposed to put books back to the __________(shelf) when the closing bell is sounded. 6. (2021年新高考I卷) The rolli