2023-2024学年高三英语下学期开学考试（上海卷）-备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(上海专用)

绝密★考试结束前 2023-2024学年高三下学期开学考试（上海卷） 英语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The cost of complexity in supply chains Adam Smith, the father of modern capitalism, famously thought that fair markets required a common moral framework between buyer and seller. That’s no surprise, considering that his ideas came out of the 18th-century marketplace, in 1 producers and consumers were likely to be neighbours. Advances in technology, transport and communications have taken us a long way since then, 2 (create) complex global supply chains. These 3 (reduce) consumer prices but introduced risks of their own, from labour exploitation and environmental degradation. One of the costs of these supply chains has been the rise of powerful corporate middlemen between home buyers and sellers. These middlemen, including Big Tech platforms like Amazon, make it possible for us to buy goods made 4 the other side of the world, but this connective power is threatening accountability by creating so much separation between buyers and sellers 5 it’s impossible to match up with the real cost of convenience and low prices. There are plenty of examples 6 (support) the case, from textiles made with child labour, to the unequal rents taken by middlemen in financial services or platform technology. In the latter, lack of information equality makes it difficult for market participants to have a(n) 7 (share) understanding of what is being bought and sold. The two big questi