内容正文:
定语从句
Attributive
Clauses
1.什么是定语?
1.什么是定语?
定语,简单来说就是一个形容词,它的作用就相当于形容词的作用,用来修饰名词或者代词。
美味的胡萝卜
delicious carrots
优秀的警察
excellent police
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2.什么是定语从句?
2.什么是定语从句?
定语从句,就是从句在主句中充当定语成分。也就是从一个词变成了一个从句,同样起到形容词的作用,用来修饰名词或者代词的句子。
Those are oranges that I bought for kids.
定语从句,在句中作用相当于形容词,修饰其前面的名词oranges
Tips:定语为单词是前置,定语为从句是后置的
3.定语从句的构成?
3.定语从句的构成?
“一个包含定语从句的复杂句”是由两个(或以上)简单句组合而成的。举一个例子:
The girl was in red.
The girl broke the glass.
(那个女孩穿着红色衣服。)
(那个女孩打破了玻璃杯。)
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The girl who was in red broke the glass.
(穿红色衣服的女孩打破了那个玻璃杯。)
先行词
关系词
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先行词
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。
例
1.Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage?
你认识在舞台上唱歌的那个姑娘吗?
2.This is the museum which was built last year.
这就是去年建成的博物馆。
3.I’ll forever remember the days when I studied abroad.我将永远记得我在国外求学的日子。
4.定语从句中的关系词
4.定语从句中的关系词
关系代词
关系副词
替代对象
that
人/物
which
物
who
whom
whose
as
when
where
why
人
人
人/物
人/物
时间
地点
原因
that的用法
that指人或物,在从句中可作主语或宾语,还可作表语。作宾语或表语时that可省略。
She is the girl that helped us yesterday.
that作主语,指代the girl
判断句子中的that能否省略,为什么?
The picture that we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.
我们正在研究的这幅画是一个十五岁的学生画的。
可以省略,因为that在句中作宾语。
关系代词
which的用法
which一般指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语。
I know the pig, which is called Bajie.
The pen with which you are writing is Jeff’s.
在定语从句中作主语
with the pen
That which Judy ate was a carrot.
避免2个that,用which
关系代词
who和whom的用法
二者都用于指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语,whom在定语从句中作宾语。
I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards.
He is the man who lives next door.
在定语从句中作宾语
在定语从句中作主语
关系代词
whose的用法
whose用于替代所有格, “……的”,在从句中作定语。
The girl whose hair is curly is Alicia.
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
The girl’s hair is curly.表所属关系用whose
The cover of the book is green.表所属关系用whose
关系代词
who
whom
which
温馨提示
我们都可以修饰人,我在从句中作主语、宾语
我作宾语,一般可以省略
我还可以修饰物,在从句中作定语
as的用法
as既可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。不能省略。
It is said that the moon is made of the same kind of matter as exists on the earth.
先行词
as作关系代词,在定语从句中作主语
I have the same bike as you have.
先行词
as作关系代词,在定语从句中作宾语
I’ve never s