内容正文:
高一英语教研组
冠词+名词
初高中英语衔接
类指和特指
1.特指:明确知道说的是哪一个
2.泛指:随便哪个都行,或一类中的一个
类指和泛指
类指:用来表示类别→常称为泛指
1.不可数名词不加冠词:knowledge is power
2.复数名词不加冠词:Doctors are badly needed at the front
3.a/an+单数名词:An ox is a useful animal (牛是一种有用的动物)
4.the+单数名词:He had invented the teleschope (正式)
5.the +adj/分词:The rich get richer and the poor get poorer
The oppressed wanted to free themselves
the+单数可数名词是否表示泛指,要结合上下文判断
The tiger is a dangerous animal (所有的老虎都很危险:泛指)
The tiger escaped from the zoo (特指某一只老虎)
The tiger is dangerous (要结合上下文理解)
The tiger is sleeping in the cage (特指)
特指: 特定指代人或物
确定特指:定冠词the
We own a dog and a cat.The dog is brown and the cat is white
(指代上文提到的狗和猫)
The dog and the cat are the same ones we had last year
(特指去年就养了的狗和猫)
非确定特指:不定冠词/零冠词
I have a pen (指我的某支钢笔,但是并未指出是哪只钢笔)
There’s a letter for you (指代给你的信件,但不知道是谁写来的哪封信)
The trees are shaded with trees (指街道上的树,但没指明是何种树)
大原则:用在单数可数名词之前
{用法1}:表示“一,一个”用在单数可数名词之前
There is a picture on the wall
He has an apple in his hand
注意:a(an)随表示“一个”,但不强调数量,而是强调类别
one强调 数量
I give him a book 我给了他一本书(不是本、不是笔,是书)
I give him one book 我给了他一本书 (不是两本)
不定冠词a/an用法
大原则:用在单数可数名词之前
{用法2}:第一次提到某人或某物
第一次提到某人或某物时 用不定冠词a或an, 起介绍作用
A girl wants to see you
注意:用于人名之前,表示不认识某人
A Mr.Zhang called you just now
A Mr.Smith wanted to see you
大原则:用在单数可数名词之前
{用法3}:表示身份、职业(多做表语)
She is a high school teacher ,Her name is Li Fang
The Whites wanted their daughter to be a musician
注意:表示某个职位在某一时期内只有一担任,或表示某人的头衔,则不用冠词
He is captain of the team 他是球队队长(只有一个队长)
Zhang Feng ,monitor of their class ,is good at English (只有一个班长)
如果时a captain 则指的不是一个队长
大原则:用在单数可数名词之前
{用法4}:a/an+单数可数名词,表示某类事物)
A child needs plenty of love
=Children need plenty of love / Any child needs plenty of love
指:孩子群体中的每一个孩子都需要爱
注意:a/an表示类指时,实际上是从某个种群中挑一个有代表性的来代指种群;所以不用来表示只有种群整体才存在的特性。
A tiger is on the brink of extinction (错误,不能说任何一只老虎都要灭绝)
单个老虎身上不存在灭绝的这种说法,只有整体才会有
A tiger is dangerous (可以,因为每一只老虎都很危险)
单拎出来一只老虎 也很危险
总结:
1.表示“一,一个”用在单数可数名词之前
2.第一次提到某人或某物(双方都不