2024年中考英语复习非谓语动词(红色标记需记忆)

一、不定式 【to+动词原形】有时可以不用to;这里的to是不定式的符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定式是not to V原。 1、动词不定式作主语 放在句首作主语 在英语中,动词不定式(to do)直接放在句首作主语的情况是不常见的。只有在一些比较特殊的情况下(比如:用于某些固定说法,或构成某种对比关系),才直接将其放在句首作主语。 例句 To respect others is to be respected.(对比) 参考译句:尊重别人就是尊重自己 放在句末作主语 在英语中,动词不定式(to do)作主语时,往往由it代替它作形式主语,放在句首,而将真正的主语动词不定式(to do)移至句末,从而构成【It+to do】这样的句型,具体有以下几类: To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well. 1. It is+形容词+to do 2. It is+名词+to do 3. It+其它结构+to do 例句一 It is important for us to protect the environment. 例句二 It is a virtue(美德) to admit one’s own shortcomings.(缺点) 例句三 It takes time and effort to master English. spare no effort.不遗余力 (1). 关于【It+to do】句型的两点补充说明 【It is+形容词+of/for+代词/名词+to do】 例句一【It is+形容词+of+代词/名词+to do It was generous _of her to lend me so much money. 表示人物特征的adj,这一类形容词同of后面的代词和名词有密切关系,有意义上的主语表语关系。She was generous to lend me so much money. 主系表 you are happy. 例句二【It is+形容词+for+代词/名词+to do】 It is hard for him to get rid of his bad habit. Hard形容词表示事物特征。 It is important for us to take exercise every day. 汉英思维差异:不可以说【 We are impossible to do it.】 错误的句子 We are impossible to master English in a short time. 正确的句子 It is impossible for us to master English in a short time.. 参考译句:我们不可能在很短的时间内就掌握英语。 用法总结: 有些(表示事物性质的)形容词通常不可用于【人称代词+be+形容词+to do】这一句 型,常见的有以下一些: easy, hard, difficult, urgent, necessary, convenient, dangerous, impossible等 错误的句子 I am hard / difficult / necessary / urgent to convince her. 正确的句子 It is hard for me to convince her. 2、不定式作宾语 (1). 动词+to do 不定式用在及物动词后作宾语,常见的及物动词有:try, strive, attempt, want, tend, decide, expect, learn, hesitate, choose, fail, refuse, threaten, hope, appear, intend, afford, plan, manage、need、begin、continue、forget、help、learn、mean、offer、promise、wish、determine、agree、start、like等 例句 She promised to come at nine o’clock. 不及物动词不带宾语,要带宾语要加介词。Listen to music.look at me. (2).【动词+疑问词+to do】结构 在一些动词之后,可以在连接代词(what, who, which)、连接副词(how, when, where )以及连词(whether)后面接动词不定式(to do),此结构在本质上相当于连接词引导的宾语从句的简略形式。 例句一 I wonder who to invite. (= who