内容正文:
第二部分 语法专题精讲练
专题十 主从复合句
命题点2 定语从句
(必考)
四川英语
英语
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考点精讲
定语从句在选择填空和完成对话中考查, 每年必考1道, 均考查关系词。
考生在解答定语从句类试题时, 可按以下步骤解题:
1. 首先根据语境, 分析句子结构, 找出先行词;
2. 然后判断先行词指代的内容, 缩小关系词的选择范围;
3. 最后把先行词还原到定语从句中, 明确先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。
如果从句缺少主干成分, 用关系代词; 如果从句不缺主干成分, 用关系副词。
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【知识必背】
基本结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句
1. 被定语从句修饰的成分叫先行词。 定语从句的先行词主要是指人、物、
时间、地点及原因的名词或代词, 有时也可以是整个主句。
2. 关系词不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用, 而且在从句中充当一
定的成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
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考向 1 关系代词
1. 结构图示
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2. 用法
关系代词 成分 先行词 例句
that(8年2考) 主语、宾语
(可省)、表
语 人、物 A dictionary is a book that
gives the meanings of words.
which(8年2考) 主语、宾语
(可省)、表
语 物 I’ll never forget the days
(which)we spent together.
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关系代词 成分 先行词 例句
who(8年3考) 主语、宾语
(可省) 人 Do you know the girl who
often comes here?
whom 宾语(可省) 人 He’s the boy (whom) I
talked with just now.
whose(8年1考) 定语 人、物 He is the writer whose name
is Jerry.
续表
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3. 特殊情况
(1)指物时, 只能用that的情况:
①先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, all, much, few, any, little等或the
one时。如:
Is there anything that I can do for you?
②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:
This is the first book that I bought.
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③先行词被all, any, every, some, no, few, the only, the very, the last
等修饰时。如:
The only thing that I want to do is to have a good rest.
④先行词既有人又有物时。如:
The film star and her film that you just talked about are really well-
known.
⑤当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。如:
Which is the hotel that you like best?
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(2)指物时, 只能用which的情况:
①关系代词放在介词之后。如:
This is the company in which I once worked.
②非限制性定语从句。如:
He made a wonderful discovery, which is important to the development
of science.
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考向 2 关系副词
1. 结构图示
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2. 用法
关系副词及所作成分 先行词 例句
when(时间状语) 通常为time, day, week等
表示时间的名词。此时常
可用on which, in which,
during which等替代
when。 I remember the day
when we met for the
first time.
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关系副词及所作成分 先行词 例句
where(地点状语) 先行词通常为place,
house, country等表示地点的名词。此时常可用in
which, at which等替代
where。 This is the small town
where I was born.
续表
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关系副词及所作成分 先行词 例句
why(原因状语) 先行词通常为reason。此
时常可用for which替代
why。 I want to know the
reason why you didn’t
come to school this
mor