1.1 快读文 析结构 知大意（Word讲义）-【金版新学案】2024高考英语大二轮专题复习与测试（老教材）

高考英语阅读理解的文章可分为以下五种类型：故事叙述型、观点展示型、现象解释型、结论解释型和问题解决型。熟悉行文结构，合理安排“扫读”、“精读”和“选择读”的尺度，是在有限的考试时间内破译文章奥秘的制胜法宝。 类型一　故事叙述型 [常见文体]　记叙文、夹叙夹议文 判断 标志 着重叙述某个故事、经历或介绍某个人物，有较完整的故事情节。 行文 结构 顺叙 可分三类：按照时间先后、按照地点的转换或按照事情的内在逻辑联系叙述。 倒叙 引人注目的高潮或结局提到文章开头，再逐步揭示高潮或结局所形成的原因或经过。 插叙 在人物事件原定的叙述线索适当的地方，插入某些情况的介绍，交代某些关系，或对某些矛盾作侧面说明，以使文章的情节更加完整。 [典例呈现] (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B) When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)？Which kinds of fish can eat cancer­causing chemicals？With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco­machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥).First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks，John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco­machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water. Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse­like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco­machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to wh