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Adverbial Clause 状语从句 Lesson 15 Adverbial Clause 连词 定义: 分类: 用来连接词、短语或句子的词。 注意:它是虚词,在句中不能单独使用。 并列连词 从属连词 ——连接具有并列关 系的词、短语或句子。 ——引导从句。 并列连词: 从属连词: 连词:and, but, or, so 连词词组: either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, both…and, (as well as) that,whether, if, unless, while / when, until, because, so that, so…that, though/ although, even if, as…as 等 4 在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语,或是整个句子。 什么是状语从句? 5 C O N T E N T 时间状语从句 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 条件状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 让步状语从句 地点状语从句 6 从句引导词: 一、时间状语从句 when, whenever, as, while, before, after, since(主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时), till, until, not…until, as soon as(一……就……)(经常主将从现) (1)when 意为“当…的时候”。When引导从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词,也可以是瞬间动词。 Eg:When he gets home, he will sent a message to me. (2)while 意为“在…的时候,在…的同时”。While引导从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的,发生时间较长,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。常跟过去进行时连用。 Eg:She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper. 7 一、时间状语从句 (3)as 意为“一边…一边…”。as引导的动作是延续性的,发生时间较短,主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调一前一后,意为“当…时候,随着”。 Eg:He smiled as he stood up. As time goes on, he became more and more interested in English. (4)as soon as 意为“一…就…”。引导时间状语从句时,如果主句用了将来时,从句一般使用现在时。(主将从现) Eg:Tom will call me as soon as he gets home. 8 一、时间状语从句 (5)until (till) not...until 两者一般情况下可互换。 如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定和否定形式都可以。 Eg:He didn’t go to sleep until his mother came back. He was bored at home until her friend Tom rang. 9 从句引导词: 二、条件状语从句 if(如果), as long as(只要), unless除非 时态三原则 (1)If he runs, he will get there in time. (2)If it stops raining, we can go out. (3)Put up your hands if you have any questions. 主将从现 主情从现 主祈从现 注意:if作“假如,如果”是引导条件状语从句,作“是否”是引导宾语从句。 10 从句引导词: 语气强弱: 三、原因状语从句 because, since(既然), as(由于),for 4个引导词的语气由强至弱依次为because since as for (1)because 语气最强,指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的,可用于回答 why 提出的问题。 Eg:I like to eat apples because they are good for my health. —Why is she absent? —Because she is sick. 11 三、原因状语从句 (2)since 表示显然的或已为人知的理由“既然” 语气较because弱,通常句首,有时可表示含有勉强语气的原因。 Eg:Since you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else.