内容正文:
第二部分 语法专题精讲练
专题二 动词(必考)
命题点4 动词的语态
江西英语
英语
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(必考:1道)
考点精讲
动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态:主动语
态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者, 而被动语态则
表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
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1.被动语态的结构
被动语态的结构为“主语(动作的承受者)+助动词be+及物动词的过
去分词”。常见的被动语态结构如下:
时态 被动语态结构 例句
一般现
在时 am/is/are done We clean the classroom every day.(主动)
→The classroom is cleaned by us every day.
(被动)
一般过
去时 was/were
done Lu Xun wrote the book.(主动)
→The book was written by Lu Xun.(被动)
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时态 被动语态结构 例句
一般将
来时 will/shall/be
going to be
done They will plant trees tomorrow.(主动)
→Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.(被
动)
含情态
动词 情态动词+be
done We shouldn't throw waste paper here.(主动)
→Waste paper shouldn't be thrown here.(被
动)
续表
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2.使用被动语态的情况
(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。如:This watch was made in China.
(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如:Smoking isn't allowed here.
(3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如:Chinese is now spoken all
around the world.
(4)出于礼貌而不说出动作的执行者。如:My glass was broken this
morning.
(5)动作的发出者不是人。如:Many houses were washed away by the
flood.
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3.主动语态变被动语态的方法
口诀:宾变主, 主变宾, 谓语动词用被动。
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注意
主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况
主动语态中有些感官动词(如hear, see, watch, notice等)和使
役动词(如make, let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语, 变为被动
语态时, 要把不定式符号to还原。如:
hear/see sb. do sth.→sb. be heard/seen to do sth.
make sb. do sth.→sb. be made to do sth.
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4.主动表被动意义的情况
主动表被动的情况 例句
某些系动词(look, sound, taste, smell
等)描述某物特性时 Mooncakes taste delicious.
某些动词(open, lock, write, read, sell,
wash, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive等)作
不及物动词, 且它们的主语为物时, 可
用主动结构表被动意义 This kind of pen writes
very smoothly.
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主动表被动的情况 例句
“need/require/want+doing”相当于
“need/require/want+to be done”, to be
done 是不定式的被动结构 Your car needs washing.
=Your car needs to be
washed.
sth. be worth doing结构中, doing表示被
动意义 This book is worth reading.
续表
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考点自测
易错点专练
1.[2023九江三模]The students who are interested in English___ to take
part in the English speech contest.
A. encourage B. are encouraged
C. have encouraged D. are encouraging
2.[2023赣州一模]Peter failed the soccer game and___ to learn from his
mistakes so that he could do better next time.
A. educates