内容正文:
专题三 完形填空 先完意·再完形
一篇240词左右的短文,被挖去20个空格,势必会造成文意残缺,但完形填空挖空的精妙之处就在于“藕虽断,丝还连”,这千丝万缕的“丝”能保证文意的疏通连贯。高考命题正是利用这一点来进行科学布“空”。故在解答完形填空题时,一定要通读全篇,先把握文章大意,再根据文意和基本语言知识逐一完形。切忌“只见树木,不见森林”的碎片化、片段化答题方式。
一、3年考情分析——明考查点
年份 卷别 文体 主题语境和话题内容 考查词类 空格属性
动词
(短语) 名词 形容
(副)词 其他 句内
层次 句组
层次 语篇
层次
2023 甲卷 夹叙
夹议文 人与自我:人生感悟 8 4 6 2 6 13 1
乙卷 记叙文 人与自我:追逐梦想 11 3 5 1 12 7 1
续表
2022 甲卷 记叙文 人与社会:
宠物情缘 8 7 4 1 6 12 2
乙卷 说明文 人与社会:
彼此尊重 8 7 5 0 8 10 2
2021 甲卷 记叙文 人与社会:
人际沟通 10 4 5 1 10 8 2
乙卷 夹叙夹议文 人与社会:
表达感谢 10 6 4 0 9 9 2
续表
考情分析 (1)选材立意分析:文体以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主。主题语境以人与自我和人与社会主题居多,选材凸显立德树人、以文化人的价值导向作用。
(2)考查能力分析:考点布设上主要考查动词、名词、形容词和副词,其他词类零星考查。命题体现“突出语篇”的指导思想,考查考生对上下文衔接关系、行文逻辑等的综合理解。着重考查考生的词汇运用能力、阅读理解能力、分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力和跨文化交际能力。
二、解题思维建模——一通百通
第一讲 围绕主题语境,“完意”统率下的完形
在以“立德树人”为价值引领的高考指引下,“主题语境”意识在解答完形填空时愈发重要。只有把握了语篇的主旨大意,才能确保思考方向不跑偏。同样,围绕主题语境这条主线,对选项进行语域性的甄别筛选,不失为一种快捷的解题渠道。在解题时,可抓住以下4种类型的语域词判定选项。
1.圈定主题语域内的话题词定选项
2.根据主题语境形成的语义场定选项
3.沿循主题语境下的情节线定选项
4.发掘主题语境下的价值观定选项
具体解题要领例析如下:
[典例] (2023·全国甲卷)Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we 1 there, we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike 2 its way down the hill toward us. It was a 3 called Mario, coming to 4 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice 5 for him to
make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 6 because they were so misshapen:not at all like the nice, round, 7 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can't be any 8 , we thought. But we were 9 his kindness, so we 10 them.
What we discovered is that it's 11 to judge what you eat only by its 12 . Those tomatoes had a 13 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 14 perfect but taste of water. Nobody's going to have a 15 memory of those. It's a surprise they haven't managed to grow square ones so that they can