Module 4 语法Grammar 现在完成时(3)-2023-2024学年八年级英语下册单元重难点易错题精练（外研版）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Module 4 Seeing the doctor 现在完成时(3) （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 1.英语中的动词，根据所表示的动作是否能够延续，分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。 · 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的延续性动词有: work, live, wait, study, learn, do, write, read, drive, sleep, sit, stand, fly, walk, keep, lie, talk 等。 · 非延续性动词也被称作结束性动词、短暂性动词或瞬间动词，表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。常见的非延续性动词有: start, begin, finish, end, come,go, leave, find, hear, reach, arrive, enter, stop, open, close, join, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, lose, die等。 2. 短暂性动词构成的现在完成时，只表示动作发生的因果关系，不能表示动作的延续，所以不可以由表示一段时间的状语（如：since和for引导的短语）来修饰。 第一句中的leave(has left)是短暂性动词，它所表示的动作短促，不可能延续两天；第二句中的be(has been)是延续性动词，所以可以和two days连用。 He has left Beijing for a week. (×) He has been away from Beijing for a week. (√) 3. 同义句转化 ①现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，而与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。 我离开家乡已有10年了。 误：I have left my hometown for 10 years. 正：I have been away from my hometown for 10 years. ②在否定句中，终止性动词可与一段时间连用。 ③终止性动词与一段时间状语连用时可将终止性动词转化为延续性动词：如come—be here；go—be there; die--be dead; borrow--keep; buy--have; join--be in(be a member);leave--be away等。 非延续性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时形式 buy have He has had this flat for two years. 他已经拥有这套公寓两年了。 borrow keep She has kept this book for three weeks. 她把这本书保存了三个星期。 leave be away from Jane has been away from Chongqing for two weeks. arrive/reach/get be in/at Kitty has been in Hong Kong for a month. come/go/move be in/at My mum has been in Beijing for two months. begin/start be on The meeting has been on for several minutes 会议已经进行了几分钟 stop/finish/end be over The parade has been over for  half an hour. 游行已经结束了半个小时。 die be dead He has been dead for ten years 他已经死了十年了 join be in/be a member of My cousin has been in the army for three years. become be How long has your sister been a teacher? open be open The shop has been open since 1971 该商店自1971年开始营业 close be closed The market has been closed since . get married be married Peter’s parents have been married for years. 彼得的父母已经