内容正文:
第二部分 语法专题精讲练
专题六 动词的非谓语形式(近9年未考)
河北英语RJ
英语
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考点精讲
考向 1 动词不定式
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,仍保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语,一起构成不定式短语,如to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting等。
基本形式:to+动词原形(不定式符号to有时可以省略)
否定形式:not+to+动词原形
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1.动词不定式的功能
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。初中要求掌握的动词不定式的句法作用如下表:
句法
功能 用法及例句
作宾语 She wanted to become a teacher.
常见接不定式作宾语的动词(v.+to do sth.):见《晨读册》P84
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句法功
能 用法及例句
作宾语
补足语 She asked me to speak louder.
常见接不定式作宾语补足语的动词(v.+sb.+to do sth.):见
《晨读册》P87
易错点:不带to的情况(有两类)
一类是感官动词:三看(watch, see, notice);一听(hear);
一感觉(feel)。如:I saw the teacher get out.
另一类是使役动词:三使(let, make, have)。如:Let me go!
续表
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句法功
能 用法及例句
作状语 ①作目的状语,放在句首或句尾。如:He went to the library
to borrow some books.
②作原因状语,和某些形容词连用构成“be+形容词+不定式”。
如:I am sorry to hear that your mother is ill.
③作结果状语,常与enough(表示肯定)或too(表示否定)连
用。如:Paul is too excited to say anything.
续表
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2.动词不定式常见的句型
(1)too+adj.+to do sth. 表示“太……而不能做某事”。如:
The boy is too young to look after himself.
(2)adj.+enough to do sth. 表示“足够……可以做某事”。如:
He is old enough to go to school.
(3)prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 表示 “宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。如:
She prefers to receive a small and meaningful gift rather than receive a lot of money.
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(4)It's one's duty to do sth. 表示“做某事是某人的义务”。如:
It's our duty to protect the environment.
(5)It takes/took sb. +一段时间+to do sth. 表示“某人花……时间做某事”。如:
It took me three hours to repair the TV set.
(6)It is +adj.+for/of sb. to do sth. 表示“做某事对某人来说很……/某人这么做真的是太……了”。如:
It's not easy for parents to raise kids.
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3.“疑问词(what, which, how, where, when)+动词不定式”的用法
(1)动词不定式与疑问词连用可用作主语、宾语或表语。如:
①When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet.(作主语)
②I haven't decided when to leave Beijing.(作宾语)
③My question is how to go to Beijing.(作表语)
(2)“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如:
Can you tell me where to buy a cup? =Can you tell me where I can buy a cup?
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考向 2 动名词
1. 动名词(v.-ing)的功能
句法功能 例句
作主语 Getting up early is a good habit.
作表语 My hobby is taking pictures.
作宾语 I like playing football very much.(动词后)
We look fo