2024年中考英语总复习 语法专题突破 动词的语态

专题十三 动词的语态 知识导图 【精选例句】 ①Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains.茶树生长在山坡上。 ②Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time.多亏了王先生和乘客们,这个男人被医生们及时救了。 ③Many tall buildings will be built in our city next year.明年我们城市将建许多高楼。 考法精讲 1. 中考常考被动语态的构成 时态 被动语态结构 示例 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 的被动语态 am/is/ are done We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天被我们打扫。 一般过去时的被动语态 was/were done Lu Xun wrote the book. 鲁迅写了这本书。 The book was written by Lu Xun. 这本书是鲁迅写的。 续表 一般将来时 的被动语态 will/shall/ be going to be done They will visit their teacher tomorrow. 他们明天将要去拜访他们的老师。 Their teacher will be visited by them tomorrow. 明天他们的老师将要被他们拜访。 现在完成时 的被动语态 have/has been done Mary has received the letter. Mary已经收到了这封信。 The letter has been received by Mary.这封信已经被Mary收到了。 含情态动词 的被动语态 情态动词 +be done We can finish the task on time. 我们可以按时完成这个任务。 The task can be finished by us on time.这个任务可以被我们按时完成。 【精选例句】 Thousands of people can be involved in making a movie.制作一部电影可以涉及到成千上万的人。 2. 主动语态变被动语态的方法 3. 使用被动语态的情况 (1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。(2020.32, 2019.38)如:This watch was made in China.这块手表是在中国制造的。 (2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如:The books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。 (3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者。如:Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人在讲汉语。 (4)出于礼貌措辞等原因而不愿意说出动作的执行者。(6年3考)如:You are invited to the party at eight o'clock tomorrow. 你被邀请参加明天八点的聚会。 (5)动作的发出者是物。如:The tree was blown down by the strong wind. 这棵树被大风吹倒了。 (6)有些动词习惯上只用被动语态。如:He was born in this city. 他出生在这座城市。 4. 被动语态拓展知识 情况 形式/用法 示例 主动变被动 在主动语态中,感官动词及使役动词后跟省略to的不定式作宾补;但在相应的被动语态中,to要补上。 如:make sb. do sth. (主动语态,没有to); be made to do sth. (被动语态,加上to) ①He made me do the work. (前无be后无to) I was made to do the work. (前有be后加to) ②Tom saw Lucy water the flowers last night. (前无be后无to) Lucy was seen to water the flowers last night. (前有be后加to) 续表 既可以变间接宾语(指人)为主语,也可以变直接宾语(指物)为主语。若用直接宾语(指物)作主语,间接宾语(指人)前面必须加上适当的介词(to/for) My mother gives Lily a pen. 间宾 直宾 Lily is given a pen by my mother. A pen is g