Unit5 Grammar study guide 语法导学单2023-2024学年沪教牛津版英语八年级上册

Unit 5 Educational exchanges Grammar study guide 语法导学单 The present perfect tense （现在完成时） 【学习目标】 1. 掌握现在完成时的含义（区别于一般过去时）、结构和句型。 2. 掌握现在完成时的时间状语（already, yet, ever, never以及since…和for…）。 同学们，恭喜你们将开始初中英语语法学习的第一座高峰！You can do this! Go! Task 1. 现在完成时态的意义：观察理解下列句子，并思考其中的区别。 1. I had breakfast at 7 o’clock. 我七点吃的早餐。 ---过去式 I have had breakfast. 我已经吃过早餐了。(不需要再吃)。 ---现在完成时 2. I lived in Shenzhen two years ago. 我两年前住在深圳。（现在已经不在深圳了） I have lived in Shenzhen since two years ago. 我从两年前开始住在深圳。（现在还在深圳） 总结：现在完成时表示过去发生的动作可能一直____________到现在， 强调过去发生的动作对现在造成了____________。 Task 2. 现在完成时态的结构：观察下列句子并找出规律。 1. I have visited Shanghai. 我去过上海了。 2. We have stayed here for 2 years. 我们在这里待了2年了。 3. He has finished his homework. 他做完作业了。 4. She has cleaned the room. 她已经打扫过房间了。 总结：现在完成时的结构为_______/_______ +______________(过去分词). 注意have可以缩写成’ve; has可以缩写成’s (缩写形式通常用在口语中) 例：I have visited Shanghai. ≈ I’ve visited Shanghai. * It has been a fantastic experience so far. ≈It’s been a fantastic experience so far. Task 3. 由过去式和过去分词的变化规律：观察下列过去分词并找出规律。 规则动词 过去式 过去分词 一般情况work, finish worked, finished worked, finished 以e结尾hope, taste hoped, tasted hoped, tasted 重读闭音节结尾stop, plan stopped, planned stopped, planned 辅音字母加y结尾study, cry studied, cried studied, cried 不规则动词：例：ABA型：become—became—become ____________型：put—put—put; cut—cut—cut; read—read—read ____________型：beat—beat—beaten ____________型：come—came—come; run—ran—run ____________型：have—had—had; buy—bought—bought ____________型：go—went—gone; take—took—taken 总结：①规则动词的过去分词和过去式______________。 ②不规则动词的过去分词和过去式______________。 Task 4. 阅读下列对话并找出规律。（观察：划线词意思、肯否定句以及位置） Pansy: Have you visited London yet? Tony: No, I have never been here before. Are you a local? Pansy: Yeah, I have lived in London all my life. Tony: Have you ever visited other countries? Pansy: No, I haven’t left Britain yet. But I have already toured around Britain. How long will you stay here? Tony: Maybe two weeks. Pansy: Enjoy your stay here, Tony. Tony: Thank you!