内容正文:
第二部分 语法专题精讲练
专题二 动词
命题点6 主谓一致
山东英语LJ
英语
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考点精讲
“主谓一致”即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
▶语法一致原则
语法一致是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
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主语 谓语 例句
不可数名词 单数 Water is important to
everyone.
可数名词单数及第三人称单数 单数 The young man is from Paris.
可数名词复数、人称代词复数
及第二人称单数you 复数 The children were in the
classroom two hours ago.
one of+可数名词复数/复数代
词 单数 One of the books is boring.
and或both…and…连接的名词 复数 Both Jenny and Kate are my
friends.
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主语 谓语 例句
either, neither,each, every或no
+单数名词 单数 Each person has a new book.
复合不定代词 单数 Everybody has a chance to
win.
主语后面跟有with, together
with, except,
but, like, as well as,
rather than, including等 取决于主
语的数 The mother together with her
three sons was happy.
续表
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主语 谓语 例句
分数/百分数+of+名词 取决于名
词的数 60%of the students in our
class are girls.
a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the
rest of+名词 A lot of people are in the
classroom.
动词不定式短语、动名词短语
或从句 单数 What he said is very
meaningful.
a number of+可数名词复数 复数 A number of books are
given to the poor students.
the number of+可数名词复数 单数 The number of the apples is
12.
续表
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▶意义一致原则
意义一致就是概念一致,即谓语动词的形式要和主语所表达的概念一致。
主语 谓语 例句
表示重量、度量、时间、长
度、价格等的词或短语 单数 Two meters is not as high as you
think.
the+姓氏复数/the+姓氏
+family,表示“……一
家;……夫妇” 复数 The Smiths have decided to go
to Kunming for holiday.
the+形容词,表示一类人 复数 The young are energetic.
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注意
1.某些集体名词,如family, class, team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词要用单数形式;如果强调其中的成员,要用复数形式。如:
His family is going to move to Beijing. 他家将搬到北京。
The whole family are looking forward to the holiday. 全家人都在期待假期。
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2.由(both…)and连接的两个名词指不同的人时,谓语动词用复数形式(语法一致);由and连接的两个名词指同一个人时,谓语动词用单数形式(意义一致)。如:
The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. 这个男孩和这个女孩听到这个消息时都很惊讶。
The writer and actor has come. 这位作家兼演员已经来了。
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▶就近一致原则
就近一致原则指当句子有两个及两个以上主语时,谓语动词的形式与距其最近的主语保持一致。
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主语 谓语 例句
由either…or…,
neither…nor…,
not only…but(also)…,
not…but… 或or连接的两个并
列主语 谓语动词和距离较近
的主语在数上保持一
致 Either Jimmy or I
am going to give a
speech.
There be…和
Here be…句式中 be动词常与距其最近
的主语在数上保持一
致 Here is a book and
two not