命题点4 动词的语态-【一战成名新中考】2024山东中考英语·教材精讲练优质课件PPT（鲁教版）

第二部分 语法专题精讲练 专题二 动词 命题点4 动词的语态 山东英语LJ 英语 1 考点精讲 1.被动语态的结构 被动语态的结构为“主语（动作的承受者）+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”。常见的被动语态结构如下： 2 时态 被动语态结构 示例 一般现在时 am/is/are done We clean the classroom every day.（主 动） →The classroom is cleaned by us every day.（被动） 一般过去时 was/were done Qian Zhongshu wrote the book.（主动） →The book was written by Qian Zhongshu.（被动） 3 时态 被动语态结构 示例 一般将来时 will/shall/be going to be done They will plant trees tomorrow. （主动） →Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.（被动） 含情态动词 情态动词 +be done We shouldn't throw waste paper here.（主 动） →Waste paper shouldn't be thrown here. （被动） 续表 4 2.主动语态变被动语态的方法 口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。 5 常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况 主动语态中有些感官动词（如hear， see， watch， notice等）和使役动词（如make， let等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。如： hear/see sb. do sth.→sb. be heard/seen to do sth. make sb. do sth.→sb. be made to do sth. 6 3.使用被动语态的情况 （1）不知道动作的执行者是谁。如： This watch was made in China. （2）没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如： Smoking isn't allowed here. （3）需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如： Chinese is now spoken all around the world. 7 （4）出于礼貌而不说出动作的执行者。如： My glass was broken this morning. （5）动作的发出者不是人。如： Many houses were washed away by the flood. 8 4.主动结构表被动意义的情况 （1）open, lock, write, read, sell, wash, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive 等作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动结构表被动意义。如： This kind of pen writes very smoothly. （2）look, sound, taste, smell 等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如： Mooncakes taste delicious. （3）be worth doing“值得做”，用主动结构表被动意义。如： This book is worth reading. 9 （4）“need/require+doing”相当于“need/require+to be done”， to be done是不定式的被动结构。如： Your car needs washing.=Your car needs to be washed. （5）表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如happen， last， take place, break out, come out， come true, run out等用主动形式表示被动意 义。如： The story happened on a cold night.( ) The story was happened on a cold night. ( ) √ × 10 考点精练 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 易错点专练 1.My bike broke down on the way to school. It needs ______________________（repair）. repairing/to be repaired 2.Ann gave me a new pen and it _______（write） very smoothly. writes 3.There are no new